Business Models and the Concept of Always-on Business

Several authors addressed issues in transforming or adapting current models of doing business and (re)organizing business information systems. Bichler et al. (2016) provided a summary of theoretical approaches in business and information system engineering and presented a theory of conceptual models. Chalupnik et al. (2013) presented a framework for comparing the relationships among reliability, robustness, adaptability, resilience in the context of system design. Bharosa et al. (2010) considered issues in sharing and coordinating information during disasters, within the concept of disaster management. Lee et al. (2015) emphasized the need to “restore the idea that the study of design in IS needs to attend to the design of the entire IS artifact, not just the IT artifact.” Some aspects of “modernization” through ICT is given in Faik and Walsham (2013). A framework for assembling IT-infrastructures and business models is given in Kuk and Janssen (2013), while Ashurst et al. (2012) presented a new paradigm for IT-enabled innovation. Baden-Fuller and Haefliger (2013) compared business models and technological innovations, while Hu (2014) considered the relations between business models and technological innovation performance through organizational learning. Several concepts of business models developed over the last three decades have been created under the impact of IT trends. Typical examples of such trends are the concepts such as cloud computing and business continuity. Becker et al. (2015) noted that information systems have been the major contributor to economic growth and productivity over the past decades.