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Mixture Models: Identifying Consumption Classes in Post-liberalization India

In: Applied Econometric Analysis Using Cross Section and Panel Data

Author

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  • Sudeshna Maitra

    (York University)

Abstract

A mixture model is a probabilistic model that allows us to make inferences about the characteristics of sub-populations from observations on the overall population, without any information about the membership of individuals in the sub-populations or even the number of sub-populations. In this chapter, I present the theory of mixture models, and an application in which I identify consumption classes in urban India in 1999–00 (NSS). Suppose there are three sub-populations—a lower, a middle, and an upper consumption class—determined by the total number of different durables owned by households. I construct a three-component (or three-class) mixture model of household durable ownership, which is assumed to be distributed binomially by class. I then demonstrate the use of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the size of and mean durables owned by each class, as well as the probability that a household with a given number of durables belongs to a given class. Finally, I show how to assign households to classes using the mixture estimates, which allows further investigation of class-specific characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Sudeshna Maitra, 2023. "Mixture Models: Identifying Consumption Classes in Post-liberalization India," Contributions to Economics, in: Deep Mukherjee (ed.), Applied Econometric Analysis Using Cross Section and Panel Data, chapter 0, pages 135-166, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:conchp:978-981-99-4902-1_5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-4902-1_5
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