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Conclusion and Policy Implications

In: Deep Integration, Global Firms, and Technology Spillovers

Author

Listed:
  • Naoto Jinji

    (Kyoto University)

  • Xingyuan Zhang

    (Okayama University)

  • Shoji Haruna

    (Okayama University)

Abstract

After about a quarter century of countries having pursued deep regional integrationIntegrationdeep regional through negotiating on deep regional trade agreementsRegional trade agreement (RTA)deep (RTAs), we observed a number of historical events that symbolize the curbing of the trend of globalization in 2016. On June 24, 2016, the people of the United KingdomThe United Kingdom (UK) voted to leave the European UnionThe European Union (EU) (EU) in a referendum. On November 8, 2016, Mr. Donald TrumpTrumpDonald, who proposed the “America First” policy and a number of protectionist policies, such as the withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the construction of a substantial wall on the United States–Mexico border, during his presidential campaign, won the US presidential election.

Suggested Citation

  • Naoto Jinji & Xingyuan Zhang & Shoji Haruna, 2022. "Conclusion and Policy Implications," Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, in: Deep Integration, Global Firms, and Technology Spillovers, chapter 0, pages 145-159, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:advchp:978-981-16-5210-3_8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-5210-3_8
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