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France

In: Social Policies and Private Sector Participation in Water Supply

Author

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  • Arnaud Reynaud

Abstract

Given the substantial size of the French private water industry and the specific concession-type arrangement for private sector participation (PSP), it is natural to investigate how the private sector impacts on equity, access and affordability issues. Issues surrounding access to and the affordability of water have been discussed in France since the beginning of the 1990s. For example, access to water was incorporated into the 1992 law on a minimum insertion income, stating that ‘all families must have access to energy and water’. Another example is the creation in 2000 of a fund (financed by private and public operators) to help poor households pay their bills. Although these social measures show that both private and public operators are concerned about water affordability, there is still a lack of research to investigate the affordability of the water service for low-income and other vulnerable household groups in France. This chapter explores the various social policies and regulations implemented by private water companies and by public authorities in helping the poor households.

Suggested Citation

  • Arnaud Reynaud, 2008. "France," Social Policy in a Development Context, in: Naren Prasad (ed.), Social Policies and Private Sector Participation in Water Supply, chapter 2, pages 37-69, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:sopchp:978-0-230-58288-0_2
    DOI: 10.1057/9780230582880_2
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