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Parity, Sympathy and Reciprocity

In: Advances in Understanding Strategic Behaviour

Author

Listed:
  • Werner Güth
  • Menahem E. Yaari

Abstract

In this chapter, we consider the results of an experiment in which subjects had deviated systematically from the pursuit and maximization of personal gain. We hypothesize that these departures from self-seeking behaviour are caused by one or more of the following factors: (a) Parity (also known as inequality aversion): in choosing among actions, individuals may be attempting to promote equality of outcomes, even at the cost of some reduction in unilateral personal gain; (b) Sympathy (also known as altruism): in choosing among actions, individuals may be taking into account not only their own unilateral gains (or losses) but also the gains (or losses) of others; (c) Reciprocity: in choosing among actions, individuals may be motivated, to some extent, by a desire to apply measure for measure — that is, to reward kindness and unkindness in like manner.

Suggested Citation

  • Werner Güth & Menahem E. Yaari, 2004. "Parity, Sympathy and Reciprocity," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Steffen Huck (ed.), Advances in Understanding Strategic Behaviour, chapter 14, pages 298-313, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-52337-1_14
    DOI: 10.1057/9780230523371_14
    as

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