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Angola: Civil War and the Manufacturing Industry, 1975–1999

In: Arming the South

Author

Listed:
  • Manuel Ennes Ferreira

Abstract

Angola emerged from Portuguese colonial rule and became an independent country in November 1975. Since then civil war has pitted two groups against each other, the ruling MPLA party and a rebel group, UNITA. For my purposes here, it is useful to divide Angola’s twenty-four year history into two distinct periods. The first one, between 1975 and 1991, is characterized by the intention of building a socialist economic and political system, based on central planning and on a Marxist-Leninist oriented single-party system (MPLA/PT).1 During this period, Angola’s civil war was subject to strong external influence and material support: socialist countries, in particular Cuba and the Soviet Union, helped the MPLA, whereas western countries, chiefly the US, France, and especially South Africa, assisted UNITA. During the second period, 1992 to 1999, the country was marked by a market-oriented economic system and a multiparty political system. Thus, the first presidential and legislative elections took place in September 1992. But civil war soon resumed.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel Ennes Ferreira, 2002. "Angola: Civil War and the Manufacturing Industry, 1975–1999," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Jurgen Brauer & J. Paul Dunne (ed.), Arming the South, chapter 11, pages 251-274, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palchp:978-0-230-50125-6_12
    DOI: 10.1057/9780230501256_12
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