Toward inclusive food systems: Pandemics, vulnerable groups, and the role of social protection

Vulnerable groups have been most affected by disruption to food systems, such as lockdowns, through loss of employment and incomes. Social protection has a key role to play in times of health and economic shocks. Key messages: Poverty, poor health, and malnutrition not only result from pandemic stresses, but they also contribute to pandemic-related risks that impact wellbeing and worsen existing inequities. Vulnerable groups have been most affected by disruptions to food systems, such as lockdowns, through loss of employment and incomes. The urban poor, especially informal workers and women, have likely borne the brunt of health and employment impacts. Refugees and internally displaced persons have also been disproportionately affected. Men, women, and children experience different risks and stresses. Women have been more likely to experience increased domestic violence and food insecurity, reduced autonomy, and loss of income. Social protection is critical for supporting vulnerable groups, and has expanded to an unprecedented degree. But many people were still left without coverage, and programs were rarely gender sensitive.