Learning in incrementally and rapidly internationalizing firms: a review of the literature and propositions

While experiential learning is central to theories of how firms internationalize, the full potential of learning-based insights has yet to be realized, especially for understanding differences between incrementally and rapidly internationalizing firms. We review the theoretical treatment of learning in the literature on both incremental and rapid internationalization and then examine influential contributions to the organizational learning literature to identify learning processes that have been under-researched in the context of internationalization. Finally, propositions are presented to guide future research incorporating these additional learning processes. We suggest that the study of learning and internationalization can be expanded by researching how interpretation, dissemination/integration, and institutionalization occur in both incremental and rapid internationalization pathways. Researchers could also examine how national culture and institutions influence organizational learning and internationalization processes, as most published studies are based on Western cultures and developed economies.