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Coordination et qualité dans les filières agricoles du Sud

Author

Listed:
  • Moustier, P.
  • Egg, J.
  • Tallec, F.

Abstract

The objective of the project is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of different forms of coordination in the development of quality chains in developing countries. Such forms of coordination include: signs of quality (labels, brands, geographical references); horizontal coordination (producers' or traders' associations); vertical coordination (personalized relationships, contracts, integration). Our project is attempting to: (i) characterize problems with quality; (ii) characterize the diversity of forms of coordination to deal with quality problems; (iii) assess the effectiveness of forms of coordination and the potential role of government to strengthen it. The project is based on four case studies of specific quality commodity chains ("safe" vegetables in Vietnam, grain in Mali, special coffees in the Dominican Republic, palm oil in Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon), as well as workshops that bring together researchers from CIRAD,INRA, universities and countries of the South. Setting up a framework to analyze the relationship between coordination and quality problems is one of the pillars of the project. Problems with quality have been characterized in the four case studies, highlighting the increasing costs and measurement errors between physical quality problems (found in all commodity chains), flavor (palm oil and coffee), safety (vegetables in Vietnam) and ethics (coffee). Despite the incentive for integration predicted by institutional theories dealing with quality problems, personalized relationships predominate in the four commodity chains. Such personalized relationships are very resilient but they are not an effective tool to promote the development of quality beyond a minimal level and only partially eliminate opportunism. The integration between production and marketing is observed to take place successfully in a number of vegetable cooperatives in Vietnam. Furthermore, the conditions for successful collective action have been developed more particularly in the case study involving Mali, revealing the effectiveness of coupling government (at the local level) and private sanctions in case of non-compliance with commitments on the requirements for membership in stakeholders' associations. The project has enabled fruitful exchanges between INRA and CIRAD researchers regarding the layout of analytical frameworks as well as on the research outputs. These exchanges led to the production of several papers, a supported thesis and two master science dissertations. In each case study, one type of coordination method was reviewed using an analysis approach (vertical integration in the case of Vietnam, collective action in the case of Mali, signs for palm oil, while the coffee study has not yet been completed). It would be advisable to continue analytical work on all methods of coordination for the four case studies. Cooperation arrangements could be maintained in the framework of the Moisa UMR (Joint Research Unit). ...French Abstract : L'objectif du projet est d'évaluer les forces et faiblesses de différents modes de coordination dans le développement de démarches qualité dans les pays du sud. Les modes de coordination recouvrent : les signes de qualité (labels, marques, référents géographiques) ; la coordination horizontale (associations de producteurs ou de commerçants) ; la coordination verticale (relations personnalisées, contrats, intégration). Notre projet cherche à : (i) caractériser les problèmes de qualité ; (ii) caractériser la diversité des modes de coordination répondant aux problèmes de qualité; (iii) évaluer l'efficacité des modes de coordination et le rôle potentiel de l'Etat pour la renforcer. Le projet s'appuie sur quatre études de cas de filières de qualité spécifique (légumes sains au Vietnam, céréales au Mali, cafés Spéciaux en République dominicaine, huile de palme en Côte d'Ivoire et au Cameroun), ainsi que sur des ateliers de mise en commun associant des chercheurs du CIRAD, de l'INRA, de l'université et des pays du Sud. La mise en forme d'un cadre d'analyse de la relation entre la coordination et les problèmes de qualité est un des acquis du projet. Les problèmes de qualité ont été caractérisés dans les quatre études de cas en mettant l'accent sur les coûts et erreurs de mesure qui vont croissant entre les problèmes de qualité physique (présents sur toutes les filières), gustative (huile de palme et café), sanitaire (légumes au Vietnam) et éthique (café). Malgré l'incitation à l'intégration prédite par la théorie en situation de problèmes de qualité, ce sont les relations personnalisées qui dominent dans les quatre filières. Ces relations personnalisées ont une grande résilience mais permettent difficilement le développement de la qualité au-delà d'un niveau minimal et n'éliminent que partiellement l'opportunisme. L'intégration entre production et commercialisation est observée avec succès dans le cas de quelques coopératives de légumes au Vietnam. Par ailleurs, les conditions de succès de l'action collective ont été particulièrement approfondies pour l'étude de cas du Mali, révélant l'efficacité du couplage des sanctions publiques (à l'échelle locale) et privées en cas de non-respect d'engagements sur la qualité des membres des associations de commerçants. Le projet a permis de fructueux échanges entre chercheurs INRA et CIRAD sur le plan des cadres d'analyse, ainsi que des résultats de recherche. Ces échanges se sont traduits par la rédaction de plusieurs articles, une thèse soutenue et deux mémoires de stage. Dans chaque étude de cas, un type de mode de coordination a fait plus particulièrement l'objet d'analyses (l'intégration verticale dans le cas du Vietnam, l'action collective dans le cas du Mali, les signaux pour l'huile de palme, tandis que l'étude sur le café est encore incomplète). Il serait intéressant de poursuivre le travail d'analyse de l'ensemble des modes de coordination pour les quatre études de cas. Les collaborations engagées pourront être maintenues dans le cadre de l'UMR MOISA.

Suggested Citation

  • Moustier, P. & Egg, J. & Tallec, F., 2006. "Coordination et qualité dans les filières agricoles du Sud," Research serial MoISA, UMR MoISA : Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (social and nutritional sciences): CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Montpellier SupAgro, IRD - Montpellier, France, number 200604, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:umr:ecbook:200604
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    File URL: http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/bartoli/moisa/bartoli/download/moisa2006_pdf/Cahier_2006_4.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Dury, Sandrine & Meuriot, Veronique, 2010. "Do urban African dwellers pay a premium for food quality and, if so, how much? An investigation of the Malian fonio grain market," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement (RAEStud), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 91(4).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    QUALITY; COORDINATION; INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS; COMMODITY CHAIN; FARMERS' ORGANISATIONS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
    • L15 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Information and Product Quality
    • J54 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - - - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms

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