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Economic Growth, Energy Use, and Greenhouse Gases Emission in Macao SAR, China

Author

Listed:
  • Wai Ming TO

    (School of Business, Macao Polytechnic Institute, R. de Luís Gonzaga Gomes, Macao SAR, China)

  • King Hang LAM

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China)

Abstract

A city’s economic structure and energy mix would change when the city is developed to accommodate more residents, visitors, and activities. This paper reviews Macao’s economic growth, energy use, and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission from 1985 to 2020. Specifically, Macao’s gross domestic product (GDP), energy use, and GHG emission have surged after the gaming industry was liberalized in 2002. The official data show that Macao’s GDP was MOP 11 billion in 1985, increased by four-fold to MOP 54 billion in 2000, and then surged rapidly to MOP 445 billion in 2019. Additionally, Macao’s total energy use increased from 8,840TJ in 1985 to 48,330TJ in 2019 while Macao’s GHG emission increased from 0.70Mt of CO2-equivalent in 1985 to 6.13Mt of CO2-equivalent in 2019. Macao’s GHG emission from all local sources per capita and GDP per capita exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship, showing an environmental Kuznets curve. Due to the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic, Macao’s GDP dropped by 56% to MOP 194 billion while its total energy use and GHG emission dropped by 33% and 17% to 32,198TJ and 5.06Mt of CO2-equivalent, respectively, in 2020.

Suggested Citation

  • Wai Ming TO & King Hang LAM, 2022. "Economic Growth, Energy Use, and Greenhouse Gases Emission in Macao SAR, China," Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies (CJUES), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(01), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:cjuesx:v:10:y:2022:i:01:n:s2345748122500026
    DOI: 10.1142/S2345748122500026
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    Cited by:

    1. Echevarría, Cruz A. & Hasancebi, Serhat & García-Enríquez, Javier, 2022. "Economic Effects of Macao’s Integration with Mainland China: A Causal Inference Study," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 37(2), pages 179-215.
    2. Haider Mahmood & Maham Furqan & Muhammad Shahid Hassan & Soumen Rej, 2023. "The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis in China: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-32, April.
    3. Ma, Qiang & Liu, Xin & Wang, Wei-Guo & Xue, Jing, 2023. "Natural resources extraction and COP26 target: Evaluating the role of green finance," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).

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