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The Effects on Children's Well‐Being of Ecuador's Conditional Cash Transfer “Bono de Desarrollo Humano”

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  • Diana Rosales Mitte

Abstract

Ecuador's conditional cash transfer program, Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH), reaches more than 400,000 households with children, providing economic assistance to these families. Even though there are no official results of the program regarding how many people left poverty due to the BDH, national social indicators show that coverage of basic education has expanded, while child labor has increased at the national level, especially in rural areas where child labor is more severe, suggesting that these children are at risk of living in poverty as adults. Even though data show improvement in school enrollment and infant mortality, the BDH program should engage parents and educate them to raise their children, emphasizing that the main purpose of the program is focused on children's well‐being. Also, there is a need to create sustainable programs to allow BDH beneficiaries to exit the program and foster upward mobility by creating labor opportunities in the formal sector. Although there have been improvements in the program such as additional services, and larger coverage of the vulnerable population, the BDH still has some flaws. Like other conditional cash transfers in the region, the BDH has become one of the government's flagship poverty‐alleviation programs. However, the program needs to include an evaluation process of its results. 厄瓜多尔有条件现金转移支付计划“Bono de Desarrollo Humano”对儿童幸福(感)产生的效果 厄瓜多尔的有条件现金转移支付计划(conditional cash transfer program)“Bono de Desarrollo Humano”(人类发展债券,简称BDH)为超过400,000 有小孩的家庭提供经济援助。尽管没有官方数据表明有多少人因BDH而脱离贫困,但国家社会指标(national social indicators)显示,基础教育的覆盖已经扩大,同时童工数量在全国范围内增加,且在乡村地区尤为严重,这说明儿童和成年人一样处于贫困的危险之中。即使数据表明学校招生情况有所改善,婴儿死亡率有所下降,但BDH计划还应该让父母参与进来,教育他们如何抚养孩子,以强调该计划的主要目的聚焦于儿童的幸福。此外,也需要建立可持续计划来允许BDH受益者退出该计划,并通过创造正式部门的劳动机会,培养收入上升空间(upward mobility)。尽管该计划的附加服务有所提高,也涵盖了更多的弱势群体,但BDH仍存在一些缺陷。如同厄瓜多尔的其他有条件现金转移支付一样,BDH已成为政府用于缓解贫困的王牌之一。然而,该计划需要引入一项评估手段对其所得结果进行评价。 Los efectos en el bienestar infantil de la transferencia condicionada de recursos en Ecuador “Bono de Desarrollo Humano” El programa de transferencias condicionadas de recursos, Bono de Desarrollo Humano, llega a más de 400.000 hogares con niños, dando asistencia económica a estas familias. No hay resultados oficiales del programa con relación a cuánta gente ha salido de la pobreza gracias al BDH, pero los indicadores sociales nacionales demuestran que la cobertura de educación básica ha crecido, mientras que el trabajo infantil ha incrementado a nivel nacional, especialmente en áreas rurales donde el trabajo infantil es más severo, lo que sugiere que estos niños están en riesgo de vivir en la pobreza cuando crezcan. Las cifras muestran una mejoría en la matriculación escolar y la mortalidad infantil, pero el programa BDH debería involucrar a los padres y educarlos para que puedan criar a sus hijos; poniendo énfasis en el hecho que la razón principal del programa es el bienestar de los niños. Asimismo, hay una necesidad de crear programas sustentables para permitir que los beneficiarios del BDH salgan del programa y fomentar el ascenso social al crear oportunidades laborales en el sector formal. Ha habido mejorías al programa, tales como los servicios adicionales y una cobertura mayor a la población vulnerable, pero el BDH tiene todavía algunas fallas. Tal como otras TCR en la región, el BDH se ha convertido en una de las formas principales que tiene el gobierno para aliviar la pobreza. Sin embargo, el programa necesita incluir un proceso de evaluación de sus resultados.

Suggested Citation

  • Diana Rosales Mitte, 2017. "The Effects on Children's Well‐Being of Ecuador's Conditional Cash Transfer “Bono de Desarrollo Humano”," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(3), pages 297-305, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:297-305
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.185
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