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A summative evaluation of Jordan's Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) 2013–2020: Case‐in‐point in socioeconomic policy

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  • Anan M. Abu Hummour

Abstract

The developing countries which reside in the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region, and most notably in the nomadic areas, are challenged by the socioeconomic issue of poverty. Jordan is no exception to this rule. The objective of this study, therefore, is to provide actionable, timely, targeted, and results‐based feedback on a given poverty reduction program. Through reliance on sound analysis, the study offers insights and recommendations for poverty reduction in the Kingdom of Jordan while highlighting the impact of Jordan's Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) from 2012 to 2020 on selected socioeconomic indicators. The research design is a summative evaluation relying on quantitative analysis. Our quasi‐experimental approach has employed a before/after model, which utilizes interrupted time‐series and cross‐sectional components to evaluate the effect of Jordanian PRS on given economic indicators. We have applied various tests to evaluate our hypotheses, including the Mann–Whitney U test to measure the effectiveness of Jordan's PRS from 2013 to 2015, as well as the Shapiro–Wilk test to gauge normal distribution. Empirical findings on the impact of these poverty reduction programs have been mixed, but our analysis has substantiated the positive impact that PRS from 2012 to 2015 had on the target group. These programs effectively increased the number of families who benefited from the National Aid Fund; they augmented the number of projects aimed at gainful employment that were financed by the Development and Employment Fund; and they increased the number of Jordanian students enrolled in formal education by 2015—impacts which were statistically significant at level (p ≤ 0.05). The study further established, however, that the implementation of PRS from 2012 to 2020 was notably ineffectual in decreasing the number of seized beggars by 2015—an impact which was not statistically significant at level (p ≤ 0.05). This latter result, however, requires further study to account for the complex dynamics involved in cash assistance and education. Within the Jordanian context, no such prior study has been conducted which evaluates, through a holistic and results‐oriented approach, the impact of Jordan's PRS from 2012 to 2020 on poverty reduction and socioeconomic vulnerability. The work is original, not only in its unique contextual subject matter, but also in its sample, variables tested, and interpretation of results. 中东和北非地区(MENA)的发展中国家,尤其是游牧地区,正遭遇贫困带来的社会经济问题。约旦也不例外。因此,本文旨在为指定减贫计划提供可执行的、及时的、精准的、基于结果的反馈。通过合理分析,本研究为约旦的减贫提供见解和建议,同时强调2012‐2020年间约旦减贫战略(PRS)对所选社会‐经济指标产生的影响。研究设计是一项依靠定量分析的总结性评价。我们的准实验方法应用计划完成前后模型,通过间断时间序列和横向成分评价约旦PRS对指定经济指标产生的效果。我们使用不同检验来评价我们的假设,包括曼‐惠特尼U检验—衡量2013‐2015年间约旦PRS的有效性,以及Shapiro‐Wilk 检验—测量正态分布。关于这些减贫计划的影响所得出的实证结果喜忧参半,但我们的分析证实了2012‐2015年间PRS对目标群体产生的积极影响。这些计划有效增加了接受国家援助基金(NAF)的家庭数量;计划还扩大了受发展与就业基金(DEF)资助的有偿就业项目数量;计划还增加了2015年接受正规教育的约旦学生数量—该影响具有统计学显著性(á≤ 0.05)。然而,本研究进一步证明,2012‐2020年PRS的执行在减少2015年乞讨者数量一事上未发挥效果—该影响不具有统计学显著性(á≤ 0.05),不过,该结果还有待进一步研究(聚焦现金援助和教育的复杂动态)。以约旦为背景,以往研究并未通过全面的、以结果为导向的方法来评价2012‐2020年间约旦PRS对减贫和社会‐经济脆弱性产生的影响。本研究的原创性不仅体现在其独特的情境主题、还体现在其样本、所检验的变量、以及对结果的诠释。 Los países en desarrollo que residen en la región MENA, y más notablemente en las áreas nómadas, enfrentan el desafío de la cuestión socioeconómica de la pobreza. Jordania no es una excepción a esta regla. El objetivo de este estudio, por lo tanto, es proporcionar retroalimentación procesable, oportuna, focalizada y basada en resultados sobre un programa de reducción de la pobreza dado. Basándose en un análisis sólido, el estudio ofrece ideas y recomendaciones para la reducción de la pobreza en el Reino de Jordania, al tiempo que destaca el impacto de las Estrategias de Reducción de la Pobreza (ERP) de Jordania de 2012‐2020 en indicadores socioeconómicos seleccionados. El diseño de la investigación es una evaluación sumativa que se basa en un análisis cuantitativo. Nuestro enfoque casi experimental ha empleado un modelo antes/después, que utiliza series de tiempo interrumpidas y componentes transversales que evalúan el efecto de la ERP de Jordania en indicadores económicos dados. Hemos aplicado varias pruebas para evaluar nuestras hipótesis, incluida la prueba U de Mann‐Whitney para medir la efectividad de la PRS de Jordan de 2013‐2015, así como la prueba de Shapiro‐Wilk para medir la distribución normal. Los hallazgos empíricos sobre el impacto de estos programas de reducción de la pobreza han sido mixtos, pero nuestro análisis ha corroborado el impacto positivo que tuvo ERP de 2012‐2015 en el grupo objetivo. Estos programas aumentaron efectivamente el número de familias que se beneficiaron del Fondo Nacional de Ayuda (NAF); aumentaron el número de proyectos de empleo remunerado financiados por el Fondo de Desarrollo y Empleo (DEF); y aumentaron el número de estudiantes jordanos matriculados en la educación formal para 2015, impactos que fueron estadísticamente significativos a nivel (á≤ 0.05). Sin embargo, el estudio estableció además que la implementación de la ERP de 2012‐2020 fue notablemente ineficaz para disminuir el número de mendigos incautados para 2015, un impacto que no fue estadísticamente significativo a nivel (á≤ 0.05). Sin embargo, este último resultado requiere un estudio más a fondo teniendo en cuenta la compleja dinámica involucrada en la asistencia monetaria y la educación. En el contexto jordano, no se ha realizado ningún estudio previo de ese tipo que evalúe, mediante un enfoque holístico y orientado a los resultados, el impacto de la ERP de Jordania de 2012 a 2020 en la reducción de la pobreza y la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. El trabajo es original, no solo en su tema contextual único, sino también en su muestra, variables probadas e interpretación de resultados.

Suggested Citation

  • Anan M. Abu Hummour, 2020. "A summative evaluation of Jordan's Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) 2013–2020: Case‐in‐point in socioeconomic policy," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(4), pages 421-443, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:421-443
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.291
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shamma A. Alam & Gabriela Inchauste & Umar Serajuddin, 2017. "The Distributional Impact of Fiscal Policy in Jordan," Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Working Paper Series 44, Tulane University, Department of Economics.
    2. Dr. Khalil Elian Abdelrahim, 2014. "Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in alleviating poverty in Jordan: An Exploratory Study," International Journal of Business and Social Research, LAR Center Press, vol. 4(3), pages 87-105, March.
    3. Dr. Khalil Elian Abdelrahim, 2014. "Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in alleviating poverty in Jordan: An Exploratory Study," International Journal of Business and Social Research, MIR Center for Socio-Economic Research, vol. 4(3), pages 87-105, March.
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