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Privatizing or Annihilating Social Security: What the United States Can Learn From Chile's Privatization

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  • Silvia Borzutzky

Abstract

This article argues that based on Chile's 38‐year experience with a privately administered, fully funded, defined contribution system, the adoption of this kind of approach in the United States will be very damaging. We argue that this policy will be especially harmful to low‐income groups, to women, to both racial and gender minorities, and to those who have part‐time employment or find themselves in and out of the labor market. Additionally, this kind of policy does not solve the financial problems of the Social Security system. In fact, transferring either the entire, or a part of the payroll tax to private accounts will add a new burden to the fiscal coffers via transition costs, as fiscal receipts will diminish and the obligation to pay pensions to old and new retirees will continue. From the standpoint of the insured and potential retiree, the cost of administering the retirement accounts will increase, but there is no certainty that the benefits will increase due to the unpredictable nature of the market and the increase in administrative costs. Most importantly, for lower‐income groups, the redistributive effect that Social Security has today will be eliminated. 本文提出,借鉴智利在过去38年来奉行私人管理、完全资助的养老金计划经验,美国采用这种做法将是非常有害的。笔者认为,智利的政策将特别损害低收入群体、妇女、种族和性少数群体、从事兼职的群体,以及那些不稳定就业群体的利益。此外,这种政策并没有解决社会保障制度的财政问题。实际上,将工资税的全部或部分转移到私人帐户会产生转移成本给财政库房带来新的负担,因为财政收入会逐渐削减,政府依然有义务向新老退休人员支付养老金。从投保人和潜在退休人员的角度来看,管理退休帐户的费用将增加,但由于市场的不可预测性和行政成本的增加,无法确定这些福利是否会增加。最重要的是,对于低收入群体来说,当今社会保障的再分配效应将被废除。 Este documento sostiene que, según la experiencia de 38 años de Chile con un sistema de contribución definida, totalmente financiado y administrado por el sector privado, la adopción de este tipo de enfoque en los EE. UU. será muy perjudicial. Argumentamos que su política será especialmente dañina para los grupos de bajos ingresos, para las mujeres, para las minorías raciales y de género y para aquellos que tienen empleo a tiempo parcial o se encuentran dentro y fuera del mercado laboral. Además, este tipo de política no resuelve los problemas financieros del sistema de seguridad social. De hecho, transferir la totalidad o una parte del impuesto sobre la nómina a una cuenta privada agregará una nueva carga a las arcas fiscales a través de los costos de transición, ya que los ingresos fiscales disminuirán y la obligación de pagar las pensiones a los jubilados antiguos y nuevos continuará. Desde el punto de vista del asegurado y el posible jubilado, el costo de administrar las cuentas de retiro aumentará, pero no hay certeza de que los beneficios aumentarán debido a la naturaleza impredecible del mercado y al aumento de los costos administrativos. Más importante aún, para los grupos de menores ingresos, se eliminará el efecto redistributivo que tiene hoy la seguridad social.

Suggested Citation

  • Silvia Borzutzky, 2018. "Privatizing or Annihilating Social Security: What the United States Can Learn From Chile's Privatization," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(4), pages 449-470, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:449-470
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.236
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