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A general theory of rock glacier creep based on in‐situ and remote sensing observations

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  • Alessandro Cicoira
  • Marco Marcer
  • Isabelle Gärtner‐Roer
  • Xavier Bodin
  • Lukas U. Arenson
  • Andreas Vieli

Abstract

The ongoing acceleration in rock glacier velocities concurrent with increasing air temperatures, and the widespread onset of rock glacier destabilization have reinforced the interest in rock glacier dynamics and in its coupling to the climate system. Despite the increasing number of studies investigating this phenomenon, our knowledge of both the fundamental mechanisms controlling rock glacier dynamics, and their long‐term behaviour at the regional scale remain limited. We present a general theory to investigate rock glacier dynamics, its spatial patterns and temporal trends at both regional and local scale. To this end, we combine a model to calculate rock glacier thickness with an empirical creep model for ice‐rich debris, in order to derive the Bulk Creep Factor (BCF), which allows to disentangle the two contributions to the surface velocities from (i) material properties and (ii) geometry. Thereafter, we provide two examples of possible applications of this approach at a regional and local scale.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessandro Cicoira & Marco Marcer & Isabelle Gärtner‐Roer & Xavier Bodin & Lukas U. Arenson & Andreas Vieli, 2021. "A general theory of rock glacier creep based on in‐situ and remote sensing observations," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 139-153, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:32:y:2021:i:1:p:139-153
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.2090
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lukas U. Arenson & Andreas Kääb & Antóin O'Sullivan, 2016. "Detection and Analysis of Ground Deformation in Permafrost Environments," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(4), pages 339-351, October.
    2. Lukas Arenson & Martin Hoelzle & Sarah Springman, 2002. "Borehole deformation measurements and internal structure of some rock glaciers in Switzerland," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(2), pages 117-135, April.
    3. Dietrich Barsch, 1992. "Permafrost creep and rockglaciers," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 3(3), pages 175-188, July.
    4. Marco Marcer & Steffen Ringsø Nielsen & Charles Ribeyre & Mario Kummert & Pierre‐Allain Duvillard & Philippe Schoeneich & Xavier Bodin & Kim Genuite, 2020. "Investigating the slope failures at the Lou rock glacier front, French Alps," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(1), pages 15-30, January.
    5. Wilfried Haeberli & Bernard Hallet & Lukas Arenson & Roger Elconin & Ole Humlum & Andreas Kääb & Viktor Kaufmann & Branko Ladanyi & Norikazu Matsuoka & Sarah Springman & Daniel Vonder Mühll, 2006. "Permafrost creep and rock glacier dynamics," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(3), pages 189-214, July.
    6. A. Kääb & M. Weber, 2004. "Development of transverse ridges on rock glaciers: field measurements and laboratory experiments," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(4), pages 379-391, October.
    7. A. Kääb & M. Vollmer, 2000. "Surface Geometry, Thickness Changes and Flow Fields on Creeping Mountain Permafrost: Automatic Extraction by Digital Image Analysis," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 11(4), pages 315-326, December.
    8. Mario Kummert & Reynald Delaloye & Luc Braillard, 2018. "Erosion and sediment transfer processes at the front of rapidly moving rock glaciers: Systematic observations with automatic cameras in the western Swiss Alps," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(1), pages 21-33, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Qiming Zhang & Enyuan Wang & Zeng Ding, 2022. "Research on the Creep Model of Deep Coal Roadway and Its Numerical Simulation Reproduction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-24, November.

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