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Drainage karstique en milieu de pergélisol: le cas de l'ǐle d'akpatok, T.N.O. Canada

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  • B. Lauriol
  • J. T. Gray

Abstract

L'ǐle étudiée, située au nord‐ouest de la baie d'Ungava, est formée de calcaires ordoviciens qui reposent en strates subhorizontales sur le socle archéen. Des observations sur le terrain et sur des photos‐aériennes ont révélé que le drainage souterrain est trés important, malgré le fait que la température moyenne annuelle d'environ −7 °C implique un pergélisol profond. L'eau issue de la fonte nivale printanière pénétre dans les fissures, et dans les dolines aux fonds des dépressions associèes aux lacs. Cette disparition des eaux de surface est plus rapide dans le secteur sud de l'ǐle, que dans le secteur nord. Une diminution de l'épaisseur du tapis nival vers le sud de l'ǐle est peutětre responsable en partie de ce contraste. Peu d'eau réapparait le long des falaises et au fond des vallées, ce qui laisse supposer la présence de sources sous‐marines. Des profils thermiques ont montré que le pergélisol est présent sur l'ǐle, mais qu'il est possiblement interrompu par des taliks associés aux pertes d'eaux verticales. Les analyses hydrochimiques ont fourni des résultats comparables à ceux des autres eaux des karsts arctiques: des duretès totales voisines de 100 mg/1 CaCo3. Un modèle de circulation d'eau souterraine en milieu de pergèlisol est proposé. Akpatok Island is an outlier of horizontally disposed Ordovician limestones, located in northwestern Ungava Bay. Although situated within the continuous permafrost zone with a mean annual temperature of circa −7°C, field and air photo observations revealed the importance of subterranean karst drainage. Spring meltwater penetrates more readily through fissures on the plateau, and through sink‐holes in the floor of ephemeral lakes into the bedrock in the southern part of the island than in the northern part. The thickness of the spring snow cover is a potential reason for this contrast. Few resurgences were along the cliffs, or in the valley floors, suggesting that submarine springs must be present. Thermal profiles indicate the presence of permafrost to depths of > 30 m, interrupted, however, by taliks associated with vertical wells carrying surface drainage downwards. Hydrochemical analyses analyse of spring waters showed hardness values of about 100 mg/1 CaCO3 similar to other artic karst value. A subterranean water circulation model within a parmafrost environment is proposed

Suggested Citation

  • B. Lauriol & J. T. Gray, 1990. "Drainage karstique en milieu de pergélisol: le cas de l'ǐle d'akpatok, T.N.O. Canada," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(2), pages 129-144, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:1:y:1990:i:2:p:129-144
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430010205
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