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Ground thermal conditions in a frost‐crack polygon, a palsa and a mineral palsa (lithalsa) in the discontinuous permafrost zone, northern Sweden

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  • Bo Westin
  • Frieda S. Zuidhoff

Abstract

Ground temperature measurements were collected during 1997 to 1998 at three locations in the discontinuous permafrost zone in northern Sweden. Measurements were made in two frost‐crack polygons, two palsas and a mineral palsa (lithalsa). Important for the formation of permafrost at all locations are (i) the absence of snow and, (ii) local soil properties. The seasonal variation in apparent thermal diffusivity—with higher diffusivities in summer than in winter in the mineral soil of the frost‐crack polygon and relatively little seasonal variation in the peat of the palsas—is the main cause for the cooler conditions in the palsas in summer. Morphology adds to the temperature fluctuations as indicated by highly fluctuating ground temperatures in the dome‐shaped mineral palsa as compared to the frost‐crack polygon. Occasional ground temperature gradients of more than −10 °C/m are probably sufficient for seasonal frost cracking. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. En trois endroits de la zone du pergélisol discontinu, Staloluokta, Kisuris, et Laivadalen dans le nord de la Suède où les températures moyennes annuelles sont d'environ–0.9°C, des mesures de température du sol ont été réalisées jusqu'à des profondeurs de 125 cm dans deux polygones de fissures de gel, deux palses et une palse minérale (lithalse). Le facteur le plus important pour la formation du pergélisol en tous les sites étudiés paraît être l'absence de couverture neigeuse et secondairement les propriétés des sols. Le pergélisol a été trouvé dans les sols des polygones de fissures de gel, dans les palses et la palse minérale, en des endroits où probablement une faible couverture de neige existe en hiver. La variation saisonnière de la diffusivité thermique apparente–avec une plus grande diffusivité en été qu'en hiver dans le sol minéral du polygone de fissure de gel et relativement peu de variations saisonnières dans la tourbe des palses–a été la cause principale des conditions plus froides dans la palse en hiver. La morphologie des formes périglaciaires peut engendrer des fluctuations de température plus importantes comme l'indique la grande variation de la température du sol dans une palse minérale en forme de dôme par comparaison avec ce qui se produit dans un polygone de fissures de gel de la même région. En outre, des gradients de température de plus de 10°C/m dans le sol gelé de la majeure partie des formes étudiées ont été probablement suffisants pour permettre la fissuration par contraction thermique. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Bo Westin & Frieda S. Zuidhoff, 2001. "Ground thermal conditions in a frost‐crack polygon, a palsa and a mineral palsa (lithalsa) in the discontinuous permafrost zone, northern Sweden," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(4), pages 325-335, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:12:y:2001:i:4:p:325-335
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.395
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