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Detection of subsurface permafrost features with ground‐penetrating radar, Barrow, Alaska

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  • K. M. Hinkel
  • J. A. Doolittle
  • J. G. Bockheim
  • F. E. Nelson
  • R. Paetzold
  • J. M. Kimble
  • R. Travis

Abstract

A ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted in May 1999 on the 1 km2 Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) grid 5 km east of Barrow, Alaska. Spatially continuous measurements were collected along established transects while the active layer remained frozen. The primary objectives were to determine the ‘long‐term’ position of the permafrost table, to recognize ice wedges and ice lenses, and to locate the organic–mineral soil interface. GPR signal and core collection were performed in tandem to verify signal interpretation, to calibrate the instrument, and to determine optimal GPR data‐collection parameters. Two‐way travel times from the antenna to subsurface reflectors were compared with measured depths obtained from soil cores to estimate an average pulse propagation velocity of 0.13 m/ns through the frozen soil. The most conspicuous subsurface reflectors were ice wedges, which gave high‐amplitude hyperbolic reflections. Owing to its higher ice content, the approximate long‐term position of the permafrost table could be traced laterally across the profile. Radar interpretations were obscured by the effects of cryoturbation, and because some horizons lack sufficient contrast in electrical properties. Highly detailed information can be obtained by collecting radar data at relatively slow speeds of advance, by using faster scanning rates (>32 scans/s), and by employing high‐frequency antennas (>400 MHz). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RÉSUMÉ Un levé réalisé avec un radar dont les ondes pénètrent dans le sol a été réalisé en mai 1999 sur un km2 appartenant à la grille établie pour suivre l'évolution de la couche active circumpolaire (CALM), 5 km a l'est de Barrow, Alaska. Des mesures ont été réalisées le long de transects alors que la couche active était gelée. Les premiers objectifs étaient de déterminer la position à long terme de la table du pergélisol, de reconnaître les coins et les lentilles de glace, et de localiser le contact entre les sols organiques et minéraux. Les données radar et des carottes de sondages ont été recueillies au même moment pour vérifier l'interprétation des données radar, calibrer l'instrument et déterminer les meilleurs paramètres d'enregistrement. Deux facons de calculer les temps de parcours depuis l'antenne jusqu'aux réflecteurs souterrains ont été comparés avec des mesures obtenues par sondages, pour estimer une vitesse moyenne de propagation de 0.13 m/ns à travers le sol gelé. Les réflecteurs les plus apparents ont été les coins de glace qui donnent des réflexions hyperboliques de grande amplitude. En raison de leur haute teneur en glace, la position approximative à long terme de la table du pergélisol a pu être reconnue le long des profils. Les interprétations sont obscurcies par les effects des cryoturbations et aussi, parce que certains horizons n'ont pas un contraste suffisant dans leurs propriétés électriques. Une information hautement détaillée peut être obtenue par la méthode radar en utilisant des vitesses lentes d'avancée, de rapides vitesses de scannages (>32 scans/s) et en utilisant des antennes de hautes fréquence (>400 MHz). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • K. M. Hinkel & J. A. Doolittle & J. G. Bockheim & F. E. Nelson & R. Paetzold & J. M. Kimble & R. Travis, 2001. "Detection of subsurface permafrost features with ground‐penetrating radar, Barrow, Alaska," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(2), pages 179-190, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:12:y:2001:i:2:p:179-190
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.369
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    Cited by:

    1. Ruilang Cao & Yanqing Yang & Yujie Wang & Xingsong Sun, 2018. "Accuracy of a ground-coupled antenna based non-contact method for detecting the integrity of lining contours," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, , vol. 14(11), pages 15501477188, November.
    2. Adrian Emmert & Christof Kneisel, 2021. "Internal structure and palsa development at Orravatnsrústir Palsa Site (Central Iceland), investigated by means of integrated resistivity and ground‐penetrating radar methods," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(3), pages 503-519, July.

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