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Diapirism in soils due to thaw of ice‐rich material near the permafrost table

Author

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  • David K. Swanson
  • Chien‐Lu Ping
  • Gary J. Michaelson

Abstract

The unstable bulk density profiles and viscous nature of wet soils with permafrost facilitate flow of soil by diapirism. Soil material with low bulk density due to very high ice content is commonly present near the permafrost table. Horizons with gravimetric water contents of 1 to 2 kg water per kg dry soil were found within 1 m of the surface in soils on the North Slope of Alaska. This material has bulk density that is up to 0.8 Mg m−3 less than the overlying drier mineral soil material. As a result of this unstable bulk density profile, diapiric upward movement of the low‐density soil material is likely when it thaws. Quantitative comparisons of diapir scale models and theory from the literature with measured soil bulk densities and viscosities from arctic Alaska indicate that several decimetres of diapir movement could easily occur during a single thaw season. Movement of diapirs is probably an important mechanism in the formation of involutions and mudboils. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Des profils instables par la superposition de couches de densité différente, la nature visqueuse des pergelisols humides favorisent le fluage des sols et les phénomènes de diapirisme. Sol avec une faible densité en raison de son haut contenu en glace existe d'habitude près de la table du pergélisol. Des horizons avec des contenus en eau de 1 à 2 kg par kg de sol sec ont été trouvés à main de 1 m de profoundeur dans des sols du nord de l'Alaska. Ces matériaux ont une densité globale qui est inférieure de plus 0,8 Mg m−3 que le matériau minéral sus‐jacent plus sec. Il résulte de tels profils instables que des mouvements diapiriques vers le haut du matériau de faible densité peuvent se produire au moment du dégel. Des comparaisons quantitatives de modèles diapiriques et des théories données dans la littérature avec des densités de sol et des viscosités mesurées de l'Alaska Arctique indiquent que des mouvements de plusieurs decimètres peuvent se produire facilement pendant une seule saison de dégel. Ces mouvements diapiriques constituent probablement un mécanisme important dans la formation des involutions et des cercles de boue. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • David K. Swanson & Chien‐Lu Ping & Gary J. Michaelson, 1999. "Diapirism in soils due to thaw of ice‐rich material near the permafrost table," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(4), pages 349-367, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:10:y:1999:i:4:p:349-367
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199910/12)10:43.0.CO;2-N
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