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Symptoms of degradation in a tropical rock glacier, Bolivian Andes

Author

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  • Bernard Francou
  • Denis Fabre
  • Bernard Pouyaud
  • Vincent Jomelli
  • Yves Arnaud

Abstract

The Caquella rock glacier (5960–5400 m ASL), approximately one kilometre long, is an important active rock glacier in the intertropical zone. In the arid high mountain environment of Bolivia, glaciers are absent. Rock glaciers represent, with salt lakes, the best indicators of climate variability. Moreover, they act as water reservoirs in the present hydrological cycle in which precipitation is very low. Direct observations and geoelectrical soundings make it possible to identify interstitial ice in the permafrost. Nevertheless, the resistivity curve profile, the ice distribution in the debris mass as well as observations from the surface topography provide clear evidence that this rock glacier is in a degradation phase. The Caquella rock glacier probably originated in the early Holocene. The presence of a recent moraine in the upper part suggests that the ELA lowered to the rock glacier surface during the Little Ice Age. The climatic conditions producing the degradation have occurred during this century. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Le glacier rocheux du Caquella (5960–5400 m), par sa taille kilométrique, est probablement le plus volumineux de la zone intertropicale. Dans ce milieu de haute montagne tropicale aride, les glaciers n'existent pas et les glaciers rocheux sont, avec les salars, les meilleurs indicateurs du changement climatique. Ce sont en outre des réserves hydriques qui jouent un rôle actif dans le cycle hydrologique actuel. Les observations directes et les sondages électriques montrent la présence de glace interstitielle dans le pergélisol. Cependant, les courbes de résistivité obtenues, la distribution de la glace rencontrée dans les débris ainsi que des indices venant de la topographie de surface tendent à prouver que ce glacier rocheux est engagé dans un processus de dégradation. La formation de ce glacier rocheux est le résultat d'une longue évolution qui a probablement commencé au début de l'Holocène. La présence de moraines attribuables au Petit Age Glaciaire dans les secteur amont, montre que la ligne d'équilibre glaciaire est descendue sur le glacier rocheux à cette époque et que les conditions qui ont provoqué sa dégradation se sont établies durant ce siècle. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Francou & Denis Fabre & Bernard Pouyaud & Vincent Jomelli & Yves Arnaud, 1999. "Symptoms of degradation in a tropical rock glacier, Bolivian Andes," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(1), pages 91-100, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:10:y:1999:i:1:p:91-100
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199901/03)10:13.0.CO;2-B
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