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Oil And Gas In Developing Countries: Prospects For And Problems Of Their Development

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  • PETER R. ODELL

Abstract

The real problem of future oil and gas supplies is not the potential physical availability of resources but the accesibility of the existing proven reserves which are concentrated in a small number of countries. Geographical diversification of reserves and production is possible with the most significant potential in the many largely unexplored and unexploited regions of the Third World. Such regions have been ignored by the oil industry either because international companies are unwelcome in many developing countries or because of the too high political risks for the large investments necessary. There is thus a geographical mismatch between oil resource potential and the human, technological and financial resources required for its development. This severe limitation on future oil and gas production is not only bad for the countries concerned but has worldwide politico‐economic strategic implications in respect of pressures on OPEC and continued upward pressures on oil prices. New institutional and organizational arrangements are necessary to ensure the funding of oil and gas developments in the Third World. Le problème réel de l'approvisionnement futur en pétrole et en gaz ne réside pas dans la disponibilité potentielle des ressources mais dans l'accessibilité des réserves prouvées existantes qui se trouvent concentrées dans un petit nombre de pays. Dans plusieurs régions du Tiers Monde où l'exploration et l'exploitation ont été relativement minimes, la diversification géographique des réserves et de la production peut avoir un potentiel énorme. Ces régions ont été négligées par l'industrie pétrolière, soit parce que les compagnies pétrolières ne sont pas bien vues dans de nombreux pays en développement, soit parce que ces régions comportent de grands risques politiques vu l'ampleur des investissements requis. II y a donc un décalage géographique entre la ressource pétrolière potentielle et les ressources humaines, technologiques et financières nécessaires à son exploitation. Cette restriction sérieuse de la production de pétrole et de gaz est non seulement néfaste pour les pays en question mais a aussi des implications politico‐économiques stratégiques profondes en ce qui a trait aux pressions exercées sur I'OPEP ainsi que sur la montée continue des prix. De nouveaux arrangements institutionnels et administratifs sont donc nécessaires pour assurer le financement de l'exploitation du pétrole et du gaz dans le Tiers Monde. El problema real de la oferta futura de gas y petróleo no consiste en la disponibilidad potencial de recursos sino en la accesibilidad de las reservas probadas existentes que estan concentradas en un número pequeño de países. La diversificación geográfica de las reservas y de producción es posible y el mayor potencial se encuentra en regiones inexploradas e inexplotadas del Tercer Mundo. Estas regiones fueron ignoradas por la industria del petróleo sea porque las compañías internacionales no son bienvenidas en muchos países en desarrollo o porque el riesgo político es muy alto para las inversiones necesarias. Existe pues un desequilibrio geográfico entre el potencial de recursos petroleros y los recursos humanos, tecnológicos y financieros para desarrollarlos. Las limitaciones en la producción futura de hidrocarburos es negativa no solamente para los países que sufren de ellas sino también por las implicancias política‐económicas a nivel mundial con respecto a las presiones sobre la OPEP y los precios crecientes del petróleo. Es necesario establecer arreglos institucionales nuevos para asegurar el financiamiento del desarrollo de gas y petróleo en el Tercer Mundo.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter R. Odell, 1981. "Oil And Gas In Developing Countries: Prospects For And Problems Of Their Development," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 5(4), pages 317-326, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:natres:v:5:y:1981:i:4:p:317-326
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1981.tb00458.x
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