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Varieties of Capitalists? The Middle–Class, Private Sector and Economic Outcomes in Africa

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  • Antoinette Handley

Abstract

Recent increases in the size of African middle classes have excited speculation about the economic implications of these developments. This review paper argues that to understand these, we must first interrogate our analytic assumptions about the middle class and its relationship to the private sector across the continent. Africa's middle classes are born out of a different relationship with the private sector than classical theories suggest. Rather than one, homogenous middle class (or private sector), there are multiple kinds, and hence, many of our universalizing analytic assumptions about the character of that class—and its likely economic impact—may not hold. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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  • Antoinette Handley, 2015. "Varieties of Capitalists? The Middle–Class, Private Sector and Economic Outcomes in Africa," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(5), pages 609-627, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jintdv:v:27:y:2015:i:5:p:609-627
    DOI: 10.1002/jid.3113
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    Cited by:

    1. Simplice Asongu & Joseph Nnanna, 2020. "Inclusive human development in sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 14(2), pages 183-200, May.
    2. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2021. "Income Levels, Governance and Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 16(1), pages 71-103, February.
    3. Simplice A. Asongu & Samba Diop, 2022. "Bribing to escape poverty in Africa," Working Papers 22/090, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    4. Rebecca Simson, 2020. "The Rise and Fall of the Bureaucratic Bourgeoisie: Public Sector Employees and Economic Privilege in Postcolonial Kenya and Tanzania," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(5), pages 607-635, July.

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