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Ex Post Settling Up in Cash Compensation: New Evidence†

Author

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  • Ana Albuquerque
  • Bingyi Chen
  • Qi (Flora) Dong
  • Edward J. Riedl

Abstract

This paper provides new evidence on whether and how boards solve costly ex post settling up to recover CEO cash compensation for unrealized gains that fail to materialize. Our analyses are motivated by the likely expanding role for ex post settling up as the risk of compensating executives for unrealized gains that may never materialize increases in a more intangibles‐based economy, as well as by the conflicting evidence of prior research. We provide evidence consistent with ex post settling up by (i) using alternative truncation methods to derive observations most likely to fall within the theoretically motivated incentive zone; (ii) replicating and reconciling the conflicting results of prior research that supports (Leone et al. 2006) and fails to support (Shaw and Zhang 2010) ex post settling up; (iii) using Incentive Lab data with contract‐specific information, allowing strong identification of observations in the incentive zone; and (iv) documenting predictable cross‐sectional variation, with ex post settling up being more pronounced for firms with stronger corporate governance, less conservative accounting earnings, and a larger proportion of total pay in the form of cash compensation. Overall, we conclude that evidence is strong in support of the ex post settling up hypothesis. Règlement a posteriori par l'intermédiaire de la rémunération monétaire : nouvelles données Les auteurs produisent de nouvelles données relatives à la question de savoir si les conseils d'administration cherchent à résoudre le problème des onéreux règlements a posteriori visant le recouvrement de la rémunération monétaire des DG liée aux profits latents qui ne se concrétisent pas et, le cas échéant, de quelle manière ils procèdent. Les analyses effectuées par les auteurs sont motivées par le renforcement du rôle que sont appelés à jouer les règlements a posteriori dans le contexte du risque accru que les dirigeants soient rémunérés pour des profits latents qui ne se matérialiseront jamais, dans une économie davantage axée sur les incorporels, de même que par les conclusions contradictoires des études précédentes. Les auteurs recueillent des données confirmant l'hypothèse du règlement a posteriori, selon les modalités suivantes : i) l'utilisation de méthodes de troncature différentes afin de dériver des observations fort susceptibles de s'inscrire dans la zone d'encouragement théoriquement motivée; ii) la reproduction et le rapprochement des résultats contradictoires des études antérieures dont les conclusions appuient (Leone et al. 2006) et n'appuient pas (Shaw et Zhang 2010) l'hypothèse du règlement a posteriori; iii) l'utilisation de données d'Incentive Lab fournissant de l'information précise sur les contrats et permettant la détermination claire des observations de la zone d'encouragement; et iv) la documentation de la variation transversale prévisible, le règlement a posteriori étant plus accentué chez les sociétés caractérisées par une gouvernance plus rigoureuse, une moins grande prudence dans la comptabilisation des résultats et une plus grande proportion de la rémunération globale sous forme monétaire. Dans l'ensemble, les auteurs concluent que les données recueillies étayent solidement l'hypothèse du règlement a posteriori.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Albuquerque & Bingyi Chen & Qi (Flora) Dong & Edward J. Riedl, 2019. "Ex Post Settling Up in Cash Compensation: New Evidence†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(4), pages 2283-2318, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:2283-2318
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12503
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    Cited by:

    1. Mary Ellen Carter & Luann J. Lynch & Melissa A. Martin, 2022. "Board Committee Overlap and the Use of Earnings in CEO Compensation Contracts," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(8), pages 6268-6297, August.

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