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Evidence of Industry Scale Effects on Audit Hours, Billing Rates, and Pricing

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  • Simon Dekeyser
  • Ann Gaeremynck
  • Marleen Willekens

Abstract

Using a proprietary data set consisting of all private firm audit engagements in 2000 from one Big 4 firm in Belgium, we investigate (i) whether audit office industry scale is associated with a reduction of total, partner, and staff audit hours and thus with efficiency gains triggered by organizational learning from servicing more clients in an industry and (ii) whether the extent of efficiency pass‐on from the auditor to its clients depends on the audit firm's market power. We find that auditor office industry scale is associated with efficiency gains and a reduction of the variable costs (i.e., fewer total audit hours, partner hours, and staff hours), ceteris paribus. Our results also suggest that, on average, realized efficiencies are entirely passed on, as evidenced by a nonsignificant effect of auditor industry scale on the auditor's billing rate. Furthermore, we find that the extent of the efficiency pass‐on decreases with the market power of the audit firm in the industry market segment as we document a higher billing rate for auditors with high market power (versus low market power). In addition, we find that the lower audit hours associated with auditor industry scale do not compromise audit quality. Incidence de l’échelle sectorielle sur les heures, les tarifs et l’établissement des prix des services d'audit Les auteurs, qui étudient un ensemble de données exclusif constitué de toutes les missions d'audit menées auprès de sociétés à capital fermé en 2000 par l'un des Quatre Grands œuvrant en Belgique, cherchent à déterminer : 1) si l’échelle sectorielle du bureau d'audit (soit l'expérience cumulée auprès des clients d'un secteur d'activité donné) est associée à une réduction des heures d'audit totales ainsi que des heures d'audit de l'associé et du personnel et, par conséquent, à des gains d'efficience découlant de l'apprentissage organisationnel qui résulte de la prestation de services à un plus grand nombre de clients d'un secteur d'activité ; et 2) si l’étendue du transfert d'efficience de l'auditeur à ses clients dépend du pouvoir de marché du cabinet d'audit. Les auteurs constatent que l’échelle sectorielle du bureau d'audit est associée à des gains d'efficience et à une réduction des coûts variables (c'est‐à‐dire du nombre d'heures d'audit totales ainsi que d'heures d'audit de l'associé et du personnel), toute chose étant égale par ailleurs. Ces résultats semblent également indiquer qu'en moyenne, les gains d'efficience obtenus sont entièrement transférés, ce dont témoigne l'incidence non significative de l’échelle sectorielle de l'auditeur sur sa tarification. Les auteurs constatent au surplus que l’étendue du transfert d'efficience diminue avec le pouvoir de marché du cabinet d'audit dans le segment de marché du secteur puisque, selon leurs observations, les auditeurs qui jouissent d'un pouvoir de marché important pratiquent des tarifs plus élevés que ceux dont le pouvoir de marché est faible. Les auteurs notent enfin que le moins grand nombre d'heures d'audit associé à l’échelle sectorielle de l'auditeur ne compromet pas la qualité de l'audit.

Suggested Citation

  • Simon Dekeyser & Ann Gaeremynck & Marleen Willekens, 2019. "Evidence of Industry Scale Effects on Audit Hours, Billing Rates, and Pricing," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(2), pages 666-693, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:2:p:666-693
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12460
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaomei Han & Wei Luo & Liansheng Wu & Wei Zhou, 2023. "Audit Effort and Stock Price Crash Risk," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 59(1), pages 230-257, March.
    2. Bills, Kenneth L. & Cobabe, Matthew & Pittman, Jeffrey & Stein, Sarah E., 2020. "To share or not to share: The importance of peer firm similarity to auditor choice," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    3. Rewczuk Karol & Modzelewski Piotr, 2019. "Determinants of audit fees: Evidence from Poland," Central European Economic Journal, Sciendo, vol. 6(53), pages 323-336, January.
    4. Timothy B. Bell & David B. Bryan, 2021. "Effectiveness, efficiency, and fee premiums in audits led by industry specialist partners," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(3), pages 4513-4572, September.
    5. Simon Dekeyser & Ann Gaeremynck & W. Robert Knechel & Marleen Willekens, 2021. "Multimarket Contact and Mutual Forbearance in Audit Markets," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(5), pages 1651-1688, December.

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