IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/ijomae/v58y2022i1p44-63n2.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Forms of COVID-19 state aid by beneficiary size in Poland in 2020

Author

Listed:
  • Ambroziak Adam A.

    (Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland .)

Abstract

Lockdowns imposed by the European Union (EU) Member States produced significant consequences in the form of losses to companies, which is why the Member States decided to assist businesses from public funds. This paper aims to identify and initially assess the implementation of schemes under which coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related state aid was granted in Poland in 2020 for different instruments and beneficiary sizes. The idea was to find out how well aforementioned schemes responded to the needs of companies affected the most by the COVID-19-inflicted crisis. To this end, statistical analysis was deployed to learn about the share of individual groups of businesses of different sizes in support instruments granted in relation with COVID-19 by type of aid. The study helped to demonstrate that Polish aid schemes approved by the European Commission in 2020 assisted mainly micro- and small-sized companies, which usually suffered from poor liquidity, by predominantly soft instruments.

Suggested Citation

  • Ambroziak Adam A., 2022. "Forms of COVID-19 state aid by beneficiary size in Poland in 2020," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 58(1), pages 44-63, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:ijomae:v:58:y:2022:i:1:p:44-63:n:2
    DOI: 10.2478/ijme-2022-0003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2022-0003
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.2478/ijme-2022-0003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Enrico Santarelli, 2002. "Is subsidizing entry an optimal policy?," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 11(1), pages 39-52, February.
    2. Duignan, David & McGeever, Niall, 2020. "Which firms took COVID-19 payment breaks?," Financial Stability Notes 6/FS/20, Central Bank of Ireland.
    3. Gianni Barcaccia & Vincenzo D’Agostino & Alessandro Zotti & Bruno Cozzi, 2020. "Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on the Italian Agri-Food Sector: An Analysis of the Quarter of Pandemic Lockdown and Clues for a Socio-Economic and Territorial Restart," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-28, July.
    4. Valentina Rivera & Francisca Castro, 2021. "Between Social Protests and a Global Pandemic: Working Transitions under the Economic Effects of COVID-19," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-21, April.
    5. Iva Gregurec & Martina Tomičić Furjan & Katarina Tomičić-Pupek, 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Sustainable Business Models in SMEs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-24, January.
    6. Francis M. Bator, 1958. "The Anatomy of Market Failure," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 72(3), pages 351-379.
    7. Félix Corredera-Catalán & Filippo Pietro & Antonio Trujillo-Ponce, 2021. "Post-COVID-19 SME financing constraints and the credit guarantee scheme solution in Spain," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(3), pages 250-260, September.
    8. Adam A. Ambroziak, 2017. "State Aid Policy and Industrial Policy of the European Union," Contributions to Economics, in: Adam A. Ambroziak (ed.), The New Industrial Policy of the European Union, pages 87-111, Springer.
    9. Thorgren, Sara & Williams, Trenton Alma, 2020. "Staying alive during an unfolding crisis: How SMEs ward off impending disaster," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 14(C).
    10. McGeever, Niall & McQuinn, John & Myers, Samantha, 2020. "SME liquidity needs during the COVID-19 shock," Financial Stability Notes 2/FS/20, Central Bank of Ireland.
    11. Laufs, Katharina & Schwens, Christian, 2014. "Foreign market entry mode choice of small and medium-sized enterprises: A systematic review and future research agenda," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(6), pages 1109-1126.
    12. Groenewegen, Jesse & Hardeman, Sjoerd & Stam, Erik, 2021. "Does COVID-19 state aid reach the right firms? COVID-19 state aid, turnover expectations, uncertainty and management practices," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
    13. Katarzyna Grondys & Oliwia Ślusarczyk & Hafezali Iqbal Hussain & Armenia Androniceanu, 2021. "Risk Assessment of the SME Sector Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-19, April.
    14. Jill Juergensen & José Guimón & Rajneesh Narula, 2020. "European SMEs amidst the COVID-19 crisis: assessing impact and policy responses," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 47(3), pages 499-510, September.
    15. Giones, Ferran & Brem, Alexander & Pollack, Jeffrey M. & Michaelis, Timothy L. & Klyver, Kim & Brinckmann, Jan, 2020. "Revising entrepreneurial action in response to exogenous shocks: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 14(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kochaniak, Katarzyna & Ulman, Paweł & Zajkowski, Robert, 2023. "Effectiveness of COVID-19 state aid for microenterprises in Poland," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 483-497.
    2. Groenewegen, Jesse & Hardeman, Sjoerd & Stam, Erik, 2021. "Does COVID-19 state aid reach the right firms? COVID-19 state aid, turnover expectations, uncertainty and management practices," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
    3. Norbert Bajkó & Zsolt Fülöp & Kinga Nagyné Pércsi, 2022. "Changes in the Innovation- and Marketing-Habits of Family SMEs in the Foodstuffs Industry, Caused by the Coronavirus Pandemic in Hungary," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Sylwester Kozak, 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Bank Equity and Performance: The Case of Central Eastern South European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Martina Pilloni & József Kádár & Tareq Abu Hamed, 2022. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Energy Start-Up Companies: The Use of Global Financial Crisis (GFC) as a Lesson for Future Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    6. Khorshed Alam & Mohammad Afshar Ali & Michael Erdiaw-Kwasie & Md Shahiduzzaman & Eswaran Velayutham & Peter A. Murray & Retha Wiesner, 2022. "Impact of ICTs on Innovation and Performance of Firms: Do Start-ups, Regional Proximity and Skills Matter?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    7. Clavis Nwehfor Fubah & Menisha Moos, 2022. "Exploring COVID-19 Challenges and Coping Mechanisms for SMEs in the South African Entrepreneurial Ecosystem," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-20, February.
    8. Ute Stephan & Przemysław Zbierowski & Ana Pérez-Luño & Dominika Wach & Johan Wiklund & Marisleidy Alba Cabañas & Edgard Barki & Alexandre Benzari & Claudia Bernhard-Oettel & Janet A. Boekhorst & A, 2023. "Act or Wait-and-See? Adversity, Agility, and Entrepreneur Wellbeing across Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(3), pages 682-723, May.
    9. Hossain, Mohammad Rokibul & Akhter, Fahmida & Sultana, Mir Misnad, 2022. "SMEs in Covid-19 Crisis and Combating Strategies: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and A Case from Emerging Economy," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 9(C).
    10. Li, Xishu & Voorneveld, Maarten & de Koster, René, 2022. "Business transformation in an age of turbulence – Lessons learned from COVID-19," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    11. Klyver, Kim & Nielsen, Suna Løwe, 2021. "Which crisis strategies are (expectedly) effective among SMEs during COVID-19?," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
    12. Marina Sheresheva & Marina Efremova & Lilia Valitova & Anna Polukhina & Georgy Laptev, 2021. "Russian Tourism Enterprises’ Marketing Innovations to Meet the COVID-19 Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, March.
    13. Beniamino Callegari & Christophe Feder, 2022. "Entrepreneurship and the systemic consequences of epidemics: A literature review and emerging model," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 1653-1684, December.
    14. Víctor Hugo Fernández-Bedoya & Monica Elisa Meneses-La-Riva & Josefina Amanda Suyo-Vega & Johanna de Jesús Stephanie Gago-Chávez, 2023. "Entrepreneurship Research in Times of COVID-19: Experiences from South America," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, March.
    15. Tiberiu Foris & Alina Simona Tecău & Camelia-Cristina Dragomir & Diana Foris, 2022. "The Start-Up Manager in Times of Crisis: Challenges and Solutions for Increasing the Resilience of Companies and Sustainable Reconstruction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-20, July.
    16. Scheidgen, Katharina & Gümüsay, Ali Aslan & Günzel-Jensen, Franziska & Krlev, Gorgi & Wolf, Miriam, 2021. "Crises and entrepreneurial opportunities: Digital social innovation in response to physical distancing," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 15(C).
    17. Kritinee Pongtanalert & Nuttapol Assarut, 2022. "Entrepreneur Mindset, Social Capital and Adaptive Capacity for Tourism SME Resilience and Transformation during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-18, October.
    18. Ganlin Pu & Md. Qamruzzaman & Ahmed Muneeb Mehta & Farah Naz Naqvi & Salma Karim, 2021. "Innovative Finance, Technological Adaptation and SMEs Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Government Support during COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-27, August.
    19. Ambika Zutshi & John Mendy & Gagan Deep Sharma & Asha Thomas & Tapan Sarker, 2021. "From Challenges to Creativity: Enhancing SMEs’ Resilience in the Context of COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, June.
    20. Silvia Sanasi, 2023. "Entrepreneurial experimentation in business model dynamics: Current understanding and future opportunities," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 805-836, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19 crisis; COVID-19 state aid; European Union; Poland; SMEs;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G38 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • H25 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Business Taxes and Subsidies
    • H32 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Firm
    • H71 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • L53 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Enterprise Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:ijomae:v:58:y:2022:i:1:p:44-63:n:2. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://kolegia.sgh.waw.pl/en/KGS/Pages/default.aspx .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.