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Perception of formal and informal institutions by entrepreneurs in China, Morocco, and Germany – A cross-cultural pilot study

Author

Listed:
  • Busch Rainer
  • Unger Alexander

    (University of Business and Society Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany)

  • Gassemi Karim

    (Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.)

  • Papastamatelou Julie

    (University of Business and Society Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.)

  • May Christian

    (MayConsult Worms, Germany)

Abstract

Entrepreneurship and the business environment, in general, are being influenced by the existence of formal and informal institutions. This study focuses on the negative versus positive perceptions of Moroccan, Chinese, and German entrepreneurs to formal and informal institutions, and the associations of these perceptions with self-efficacy and market versus network orientation of the business environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Busch Rainer & Unger Alexander & Gassemi Karim & Papastamatelou Julie & May Christian, 2020. "Perception of formal and informal institutions by entrepreneurs in China, Morocco, and Germany – A cross-cultural pilot study," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 56(4), pages 324-338, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:ijomae:v:56:y:2020:i:4:p:324-338:n:2
    DOI: 10.2478/ijme-2020-0026
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    formal institutions; informal institutions; self-efficacy; network orientation; market orientation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D02 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights

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