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The Protestant Legacy: Missions, Gender, and Human Capital in India

Author

Listed:
  • Rossella Calvi
  • Lauren Hoehn-Velasco
  • Federico G. Mantovanelli

Abstract

We study the long-term impact of Protestant missions in colonial India on present-day literacy, education, and gender equality in human capital outcomes. We combine contemporary administrative and survey data with archival information on the spatial distribution of missions and the gender composition of missionaries in early 20th-century India. We document a positive long-run link between Protestant missions and human capital today. The relationship is particularly strong for women and for missions with higher female presence. While the data to fully explore the underlying mechanisms are limited, we show that exposure to Protestant missionaries may have induced shifts in gender attitudes.

Suggested Citation

  • Rossella Calvi & Lauren Hoehn-Velasco & Federico G. Mantovanelli, 2022. "The Protestant Legacy: Missions, Gender, and Human Capital in India," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 57(6), pages 1946-1980.
    • Handle: RePEc:uwp:jhriss:v:57:y:2022:i:6:p:1946-1980
    Note: DOI: 10.3368/jhr.58.2.0919-10437R2
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    Cited by:

    1. Nandwani, Bharti & Roychowdhury, Punarjit, 2023. "British Colonialism and Women Empowerment in India," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1275, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    2. Izumi, Yutaro & Park, Sangyoon & Yang, Hyunjoo, 2023. "The effects of South Korean Protestantism on human capital and female empowerment, 1930–2010," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 422-438.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • N01 - Economic History - - General - - - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
    • N35 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Asia including Middle East
    • Z12 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Religion

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