Institutional forces and knowledge search strategies as predictors of entrepreneurial venture performance

We examine how institutional factors influence the strategies entrepreneurial ventures use as they seek the knowledge they need to perform and compete. With a focus on economic and ecosystem development, we propose a framework of interrelations between two principal knowledge-search strategies, their interactions with varying levels of institutional development, and the joint effects on venture performance. We utilize a sample of 1,470 entrepreneurial ventures to examine two hypotheses. Results, based on hierarchical regression, distributed lag analyses, and several assumption and robustness checks show that knowledge-search strategy interrelations are complementary when institutional development is high but substitutive when institutional development is low. We execute a post hoc analysis using separate data sources to replicate these results and strengthen our findings. Finally, we discuss implications for entrepreneurial practitioners, policymakers, and scholars.