Geology of giant quartz veins and their host rocks from the Eastern Pyrenees (Southwest Europe)

Giant Quartz Veins (GQVs) are ubiquitous in different tectonic settings and, besides being often related to hydrothermal ore deposits, also represent large-scale fingerprints of the structural and geochemical history of the rocks in which they are hosted. Here we present detailed geological maps and interpretations of three key areas of the Eastern Pyrenees where GQVs are well exposed. The studied rocks record different styles of deformation and are representative of common settings of the Pyrenees where GQVs are present: pre-Variscan metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks, late Variscan granitoids, and Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks. GQVs in the study areas formed along pre-existing brittle and ductile structures or at locations with lithological heterogeneities, and have alteration haloes of silicified host rocks. The geological maps and interpretations presented here contribute to gain insights into the formation mechanisms of GQVs and into the structural constraints on fluid flow and mineral reactions at different depths of the Earth’s crust.