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How has India’s economic growth and development affected its gender inequality?

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  • Clement A. Tisdell

Abstract

The basic characteristics are outlined of the UN’s Gender Inequality Index (GII) and its Gender Development Index (GDI). Their trends in relation to India’s real Gross National Income (GNI) per capita indicate a decline in its gender inequality with its economic growth. However, these trends give a distorted and incomplete picture of changes in Indian gender inequality. Several assumptions underlying GII and GDI are questioned in the Indian context, for example, within India more education of females is not associated with a reduced wage gap between males and females, and greater access of females to the labour market can raise gender inequality. The effects of economic growth (absent in the above indices) are assessed on Indian male–female ratios and on violence against women. Variations in gender inequality in India within households are also considered. New data results in the questioning of several existing hypotheses.

Suggested Citation

  • Clement A. Tisdell, 2021. "How has India’s economic growth and development affected its gender inequality?," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(2), pages 209-229, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:rjapxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:209-229
    DOI: 10.1080/13547860.2021.1917093
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    Cited by:

    1. Vats, Ishan & Singhal, Deepak & Tripathy, Sushanta & Jena, Sarat Kumar, 2022. "The transition from BS4 to BS6 compliant vehicles for eco-friendly mobility in India: An empirical study on switching intention," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).

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