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Military business and the business of the military in the Kivus

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  • Judith Verweijen

Abstract

Contrary to dominant approaches that locate the causes for military entrepreneurialism in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo predominantly in criminal military elites, this article highlights the importance of the Congolese military's (FARDC) civilian context for understanding military revenue-generation. It analyses how the latter is shaped by structures of domination, signification and legitimisation that drive and are driven by the FARDC's governance, private protection and security practices. It argues that these practices contribute to bestowing a degree of legitimacy on both the FARDC's position of power and some of its revenue-generation activities. Furthermore, by emphasising that the FARDC's regulatory and protection practices are partly the product of popular demands and the routine actions of civilians, the article contends that the causes of military revenue-generation are co-located in the military's civilian environment. In this manner, it offers a more nuanced conceptualisation of military entrepreneurialism, thus opening up new perspectives on policy interventions in this area. [Les affaires militaires et les affaires des militaires dans le Kivu]. Contrairement aux approches dominantes qui trouvent les causes de l'entrepreneuriat des militaires dans l'est de la RDC essentiellement dans les élites militaires criminelles, cet article met en exergue l'importance du contexte civil de l'armée congolaise (FARDC) pour comprendre les pratiques militaires génératrices de revenus. Il analyse comment ces dernières sont influencées par les structures de domination, de signification et de légitimation qui conduisent et sont conduites par les pratiques de gouvernance, de protection privée et de sécurité des FARDC. L'article soutient que ces pratiques contribuent à l'attribution d'un degré de légitimité tant sur la position du pouvoir des FARDC que sur certaines de leurs activités de génération de revenus. En outre, en insistant sur le fait que les pratiques de protection et de régulation des FARDC résultent en partie des demandes populaires et des actions de routine des civils, l'article soutient que les origines des activités de génération de revenus des militaires sont co-localisés dans l'environnement civil des militaires. De cette manière, l'article offre une conceptualisation de l'entreprenariat militaire plus nuancé, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives pour les interventions des bailleurs de fonds dans ce domaine. Mots-clés : Armée congolaise ; Kivu ; militarisation ; économies informelles ; réforme de l'armée

Suggested Citation

  • Judith Verweijen, 2013. "Military business and the business of the military in the Kivus," Review of African Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(135), pages 67-82, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:67-82
    DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.761602
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    Cited by:

    1. Filip Reyntjens, 2016. "Legal Pluralism and Hybrid Governance: Bridging Two Research Lines," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 47(2), pages 346-366, March.
    2. Olsson, Ola & Baaz, Maria Eriksson & Martinsson, Peter, 2020. "Fiscal capacity in “post”-conflict states: Evidence from trade on Congo river," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    3. Ra�l S�nchez de la Sierra, 2015. "On the Origins of States: Stationary Bandits and Taxation in Eastern Congo," HiCN Working Papers 194, Households in Conflict Network.

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