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Tracks of the third wave: democracy theory, democratisation and the dilemma of political succession in Africa

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  • Bernard Ugochukwu Nwosu

Abstract

The sweep of the third-wave moment of democratic impulses through Africa saw mass movements against authoritarian rule and the demand for liberalisation of political spaces. Ruling-group compromises and promises of democratisation diluted the fervour of this demand. Conservative interests captured the process by creating formal institutions of political competition but without corresponding necessary conditions for democracy. They set up regimes of political succession that rendered the political field a closed space. National trends in succession are linked to the discursive paradigm that underpins third-wave democratisation. Selected studies of succession in African states indicate trends towards illegitimate and unpopular self-succession, hereditary trends, the appointment of proxies and only a few instances of emerging liberal democratic regimes. The dominance of perverse third-wave trajectories in Africa points to the inadequacy of the minimalist epistemology upon which the idea of the third wave is based. [Traces de la troisième vague: la théorie de la démocratie, la démocratisation et le dilemme de la succession politique en Afrique]. La marche de la troisième vague d'impulsions démocratiques à travers l'Afrique a engendré des mouvements de masse contre le régime autoritaire et la demande de libéralisation des espaces politiques. Des compromis de la classe dirigeante et des promesses de démocratisation ont dilué la ferveur de cette demande. Des intérêts conservateurs ont capturé le processus en créant des institutions formelles de compétition politique, mais sans les conditions correspondantes nécessaires à la démocratie. Ils mettent en place des régimes de succession politique qui ont rendu le champ politique un espace clos. Les tendances nationales de succession sont liées au paradigme discursif qui sous-tend la troisième vague de démocratisation. Les études sélectionnées de succession dans les états africains indiquent une tendance à la succession illégitime et impopulaire de soi-même, les tendances héréditaires, la nomination des mandataires et quelques cas seulement de nouveaux régimes de démocratie libérale. La prédominance des trajectoires perverses de la troisième vague en Afrique souligne l'insuffisance de l'épistémologie minimaliste sur lequel l'idée de la troisième vague est fondée. Mots-clés : troisième vague; démocratization; procédure; substantive; succession; élection

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Ugochukwu Nwosu, 2012. "Tracks of the third wave: democracy theory, democratisation and the dilemma of political succession in Africa," Review of African Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(131), pages 11-25, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:11-25
    DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.658717
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