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The Portuguese escudo area in Africa and its lessons for monetary unions

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Eugénia Mata
  • Luís Catela Nunes
  • Mário Roldão

Abstract

The beginnings of the Portuguese Escudo Monetary Zone (EMZ) in 1961, to promote the economic integration of Portugal and its empire, coincide in time with Mundell’s seminal paper about optimum currency areas. If non-optimality was the cause of the EMZ’s demise, this would suggest that monetary unions are fragile achievements, with little prospect for survival. The EMZ turned out to be a short-lived experiment, with Angola and Mozambique building up large cumulative deficit positions offset by the sizeable cumulative surpluses of the mainland. A cobweb model using monthly observations for macroeconomic variables of these two territories describes a time divergent process caused by structural imbalances, as well as by the loan granting system. The EMZ was not an optimum currency area and was not sustainable in the long run. This is an historical experiment that is not without interest for the study of other monetary areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Eugénia Mata & Luís Catela Nunes & Mário Roldão, 2021. "The Portuguese escudo area in Africa and its lessons for monetary unions," Economic History of Developing Regions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(3), pages 392-421, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rehdxx:v:36:y:2021:i:3:p:392-421
    DOI: 10.1080/20780389.2021.1890579
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