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The Geography of Innovation: A Cross-sector Analysis

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Stefano Breschi

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Abstract

BRESCHI S. (2000) The geography of innovation: a cross-sector analysis, Reg. Studies 34 , 213–229. This paper attempts to identify some broad empirical regularities in the geographical distribution of innovative activities. The basic hypothesis which is advanced is that spatial patterns of innovation vary greatly amongst sectors according to the specific features of the underlying technology, as summarized by the concept of technological regime. In order to verify such a hypothesis, an empirical analysis was carried out by using European Patent Office (EPO) data for the period 1978–91. Two main results emerge from such analysis. On the one hand, the empirical evidence shows the existence of remarkable differences across technological classes in the spatial patterns of innovation. On the other hand, one also typically observes the existence of quite remarkable similarities across countries in the spatial patterns of innovation within each technological class. BRESCHI S. (2000) La géographie de l'innovation: une analyse intersectorielle, Reg. Studies 34 , 213–229. Cet article cherche à identifier quelques facteurs constants empiriques généraux de la distribution géographique des activités innovatrices. L'hypothèse fondamental avancé affirme que la distribution géographique de l'innovation varie sensiblement suivant le secteur et en fonction des caractéristiques particulières de la technologie sous-jacente, comme le résume la notion de régime technologique. Pour vérifier un tel hypothèse, une analyse empirique se voit effectuer à partir des données provenant de l'Institut européenne de la propriété industrielle sur la période de 1978 à 1991. De cette analyse il se fait jour deux résultats principaux. D'un côté, les preuves empiriques laissent voir la présence des écarts remarquables dans la distribution géographique de l'innovation en fonction de la catégorie technologique . De l'autre côté, on note aussi la présence des similarités considérables dans la distribution géographique de l'innovation au sein de chaque catégorie technologique suivant le pays . BRESCHI S. (2000) Die Geographie der Innovation: eine Sektoren überschreitende Analyse, Reg. Studies 34 , 213–229. Dieser Aufsatz versucht, grobe empirische Unregelmäßigkeiten in der geographischen Streuung innovativer Tätigkeiten zu identifizieren. Die hier vorgestellte Hypothese besagt, daß räumliche Innovationsmuster von Sektor zu Sektor starke Abweichungen aufweisen, die auf spezifischen Zügen ihnen zugrundeliegenden Technologien beruhen, welche im Konzept technologischer Systeme zusammengefaßt werden. Um solch eine Hypothese zu bestätigen, wird eine empirische Analyse mit Hilfe von EPO (Europäisches Patentamt) Daten für den Zeitraum 1978–1991 durchgeführt. Sie erbrachte zwei Hauptergebnisse. Einerseits zeigt das empirische Beweismaterial, daß in den räumlichen Mustern der Innovationen beachtliche Unterschiede über technologische Systemklassen hinweg bestehen. Andrerseits kann man auch typisch das Bestehen durchaus beachtlicher Ähnlichkeiten über ganze Länder hinweg in den räumlichen Innovationsmustern innerhalb jeder einzelnen technologischen Klasse beobachten.

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Article provided by Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal Regional Studies.

Volume (Year): 34 (2000)
Issue (Month): 3 (May)
Pages: 213-229
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Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:34:y:2000:i:3:p:213-229

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Related research
Keywords: Innovation Technological Regimes Spatial Agglomeration Knowledge Transmission Spatial Proximity Cumulativeness;

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References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Romer, Paul M, 1986. "Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 94(5), pages 1002-37, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Malerba, Franco & Orsenigo, Luigi, 1996. "Schumpeterian patterns of innovation are technology-specific," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 451-478, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Jaffe, Adam B, 1989. "Real Effects of Academic Research," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(5), pages 957-70, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Arthur, W. Brian, 1990. "'Silicon Valley' locational clusters: when do increasing returns imply monopoly?," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 235-251, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Malerba, Franco & Orsenigo, Luigi, 1995. "Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 19(1), pages 47-65, February.
  6. Wilbur R. Thompson, 1962. "Locational Differences in Inventive Effort and Their Determinants," NBER Chapters, in: The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors, pages 253-272 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
  7. Adam B. Jaffe, 1986. "Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R&D: Evidence from Firms' Patents, Profits and Market Value," NBER Working Papers 1815, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Krugman, Paul, 1991. "History and Industry Location: The Case of the Manufacturing Belt," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 81(2), pages 80-83, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Dosi, Giovanni, 1988. "Sources, Procedures, and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 26(3), pages 1120-71, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Romer, Paul M, 1990. "Endogenous Technological Change," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages S71-102, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Cohen, Wesley M & Levinthal, Daniel A, 1989. "Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R&D," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 99(397), pages 569-96, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Jaffe, Adam B & Trajtenberg, Manuel & Henderson, Rebecca, 1993. "Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 108(3), pages 577-98, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Richard C. Levin & Alvin K. Klevorick & Richard R. Nelson & Sidney G. Winter, 1987. "Appropriating the Returns from Industrial Research and Development," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 18(1987-3), pages 783-832. [Downloadable!]
  14. Cohen, Wesley M. & Levin, Richard C., 1989. "Empirical studies of innovation and market structure," Handbook of Industrial Organization, in: R. Schmalensee & R. Willig (ed.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 18, pages 1059-1107 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Breschi, Stefano & Malerba, Franco & Orsenigo, Luigi, 2000. "Technological Regimes and Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 110(463), pages 388-410, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Jaffe, Adam B., 1989. "Characterizing the "technological position" of firms, with application to quantifying technological opportunity and research spillovers," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 87-97, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Richard C. Levin & Alvin K. Klevorick & Richard R. Nelson & Sidney G. Winter, 1988. "Appropriating the Returns from Industrial R&D," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 862, Cowles Foundation, Yale University. [Downloadable!]
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