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The fake news game: actively inoculating against the risk of misinformation

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  • Jon Roozenbeek
  • Sander van der Linden

Abstract

The rapid spread of online misinformation poses an increasing risk to societies worldwide. To help counter this, we developed a ‘fake news game’ in which participants are actively tasked with creating a news article about a strongly politicized issue (the European refugee crisis) using misleading tactics, from the perspective of different types of fake news producers. To pilot test the efficacy of the game, we conducted a randomized field study (N = 95) in a public high school setting. Results provide some preliminary evidence that playing the fake news game reduced the perceived reliability and persuasiveness of fake news articles. Overall, these findings suggest that educational games may be a promising vehicle to inoculate the public against fake news.

Suggested Citation

  • Jon Roozenbeek & Sander van der Linden, 2019. "The fake news game: actively inoculating against the risk of misinformation," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(5), pages 570-580, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jriskr:v:22:y:2019:i:5:p:570-580
    DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2018.1443491
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    Cited by:

    1. Danielle Caled & Mário J. Silva, 2022. "Digital media and misinformation: An outlook on multidisciplinary strategies against manipulation," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 123-159, May.
    2. Agarwal, Puneet & Aziz, Ridwan Al & Zhuang, Jun, 2022. "Interplay of rumor propagation and clarification on social media during crisis events - A game-theoretic approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(2), pages 714-733.
    3. Matthew Spradling & Jeremy Straub & Jay Strong, 2021. "Protection from ‘Fake News’: The Need for Descriptive Factual Labeling for Online Content," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-26, May.
    4. João Pedro Baptista & Anabela Gradim, 2022. "Who Believes in Fake News? Identification of Political (A)Symmetries," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-13, October.
    5. Jinjin Ma & Yidi Chen & Huanya Zhu & Yiqun Gan, 2023. "Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation through an Online Game Based on the Inoculation Theory: Analyzing the Mediating Effects of Perceived Threat and Persuasion Knowledge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-18, January.
    6. Sheshadri Chatterjee & Ranjan Chaudhuri & Demetris Vrontis, 2023. "Role of fake news and misinformation in supply chain disruption: impact of technology competency as moderator," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 327(2), pages 659-682, August.
    7. Konstantina Spanaki & Thanos Papadopoulos & Uchitha Jayawickrama & Femi Olan & Shaofeng Liu, 2023. "Editorial: fake news, misinformation, and supply chain disruptions: the role of emerging technologies," Post-Print hal-04158399, HAL.
    8. Kathie M. d'I. Treen & Hywel T. P. Williams & Saffron J. O'Neill, 2020. "Online misinformation about climate change," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 11(5), September.
    9. Konstantina Spanaki & Thanos Papadopoulos & Uchitha Jayawickrama & Femi Olan & Shaofeng Liu, 2023. "Editorial: fake news, misinformation, and supply chain disruptions: the role of emerging technologies," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 327(2), pages 601-604, August.
    10. Nadejda Komendantova & Love Ekenberg & Mattias Svahn & Aron Larsson & Syed Iftikhar Hussain Shah & Myrsini Glinos & Vasilis Koulolias & Mats Danielson, 2021. "A value-driven approach to addressing misinformation in social media," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-12, December.
    11. Alex Armand & Mattia Fracchia & Pedro C. Vicente, 2024. "Let's call! Using the phone to increase vaccine acceptance," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(1), pages 82-106, January.
    12. Dominic Balog‐Way & Katherine McComas & John Besley, 2020. "The Evolving Field of Risk Communication," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(S1), pages 2240-2262, November.
    13. Seoyong Kim & Sunhee Kim, 2020. "The Crisis of Public Health and Infodemic: Analyzing Belief Structure of Fake News about COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-23, November.
    14. Pervaiz Akhtar & Arsalan Mujahid Ghouri & Haseeb Ur Rehman Khan & Mirza Amin ul Haq & Usama Awan & Nadia Zahoor & Zaheer Khan & Aniqa Ashraf, 2023. "Detecting fake news and disinformation using artificial intelligence and machine learning to avoid supply chain disruptions," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 327(2), pages 633-657, August.

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