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Reconciled Estimates of Monthly GDP in the United States

Author

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  • Gary Koop
  • Stuart McIntyre
  • James Mitchell
  • Aubrey Poon

Abstract

In the United States, income and expenditure-side estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) (GDPI and GDPE ) measure “true” GDP with error and are available at a quarterly frequency. Methods exist for using these proxies to produce reconciled quarterly estimates of true GDP. In this paper, we extend these methods to provide reconciled historical true GDP estimates at a monthly frequency. We do this using a Bayesian mixed frequency vector autoregression (MF-VAR) involving GDPE , GDPI , unobserved true GDP, and monthly indicators of short-term economic activity. Our MF-VAR imposes restrictions that reflect a measurement-error perspective (i.e., the two GDP proxies are assumed to equal true GDP plus measurement error). Without further restrictions, our model is unidentified. We consider a range of restrictions that allow for point and set identification of true GDP and show that they lead to informative monthly GDP estimates. We illustrate how these new monthly data contribute to our historical understanding of business cycles and we provide a real-time application nowcasting monthly GDP over the pandemic recession.

Suggested Citation

  • Gary Koop & Stuart McIntyre & James Mitchell & Aubrey Poon, 2023. "Reconciled Estimates of Monthly GDP in the United States," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(2), pages 563-577, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jnlbes:v:41:y:2023:i:2:p:563-577
    DOI: 10.1080/07350015.2022.2044336
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    Cited by:

    1. Oguzhan Cepni & Rangan Gupta & Christian Pierdzioch, 2024. "Forecasting Growth-at-Risk of the United States: Housing Price versus Housing Sentiment or Attention," Working Papers 202401, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.

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