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Compliant or defiant? Economic sanctions and United Nations General Assembly voting by target countries

Author

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  • Bimal Adhikari
  • Jin Mun Jeong
  • Dursun Peksen

Abstract

What effect do economic sanctions have on the foreign policy orientation of sanctioned (target) countries towards sanctioning (sender) countries? Do sanctions create more or fewer incentives for targets to pursue divergent foreign policy agendas from that of their senders in major international forums? We posit that economic sanctions escalate tension between target and sender countries, prompting target governments to vote against the interests of sender countries at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). To assess the empirical merits of this theoretical claim, we combine US sanctions data with the data on the UNGA votes for over 150 countries for the 1984–2006 period. The findings show that US sanctions, particularly high-cost sanctions, are significantly associated with more dissimilar UNGA votes between the US and its targets. Our analysis suggests that sanctions not only often fail to achieve their intended policy goals but also instigate more defiant behavior by target countries.¿Qué efecto tienen las sanciones económicas en la orientación de la política exterior de los países sancionados (objetivo) hacia los países que emiten la sanción (emisores)? ¿Crean las sanciones más o menos incentivos para que los países objetivos apliquen programas de política exterior divergentes de los de sus países emisores en los principales foros internacionales? Sostenemos que las sanciones económicas aumentan la tensión entre los países objetivo y los emisores, lo que lleva a los gobiernos objetivo a votar en contra de los intereses de los países emisores en la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas (AGNU). Para evaluar los méritos empíricos de esta afirmación teórica, combinamos los datos de las sanciones de EE. UU. con los datos de las votaciones de la AGNU de más de 150 países para el periodo 1984–2006. Los resultados muestran que las sanciones de EE. UU., en particular las de alto costo, están relacionadas en gran medida con votaciones más disímiles en la AGNU entre EE. UU. y sus países objetivos. Nuestro análisis sugiere que las sanciones no solo no logran a menudo cumplir sus objetivos políticos previstos, sino que además instigan un comportamiento más desafiante por parte de los países objetivo.Quelle est l’incidence des sanctions économiques sur la politique pratiquée par les pays sanctionnés à l’égard des pays émetteurs? Ces sanctions ont-elles pour effet d’encourager, ou bien au contraire de décourager les pays sanctionnés à adopter des stratégies antagoniques par rapport aux pays émetteurs dans les grandes instances internationales? Nous émettons l’idée que les sanctions économiques accentuent les tensions entre pays émetteurs et pays sanctionnés en poussant ces derniers à voter contre les intérêts des pays émetteurs à l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies (AGNU). Pour déterminer la valeur empirique de cette théorie, nous avons comparé les sanctions américaines et les votes à l’AGNU de plus de 150 pays entre 1984 et 2006. Cette analyse met en évidence une forte corrélation entre sanctions (notamment celles entraînant un coût économique élevé) et votes contre les intérêts des États-Unis à l’AGNU. Notre analyse montre que les sanctions, souvent inefficaces sur le plan politique, ont pour effet de susciter des comportements hostiles chez les pays sanctionnés.

Suggested Citation

  • Bimal Adhikari & Jin Mun Jeong & Dursun Peksen, 2022. "Compliant or defiant? Economic sanctions and United Nations General Assembly voting by target countries," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(3), pages 397-422, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:48:y:2022:i:3:p:397-422
    DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2022.2059478
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