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Rebel command and control, time, and rebel group splits

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  • Minnie M. Joo
  • Bumba Mukherjee

Abstract

Fractious splits of rebel groups debilitate the military capacity of these organizations which increases their vulnerability to anti-rebel operations. Despite the risks of disunity and the battlefield advantages of remaining cohesive, our new global sample of rebel groups (1980–2014) reveals that two-fifths of these (but not the remaining) groups have split into distinct, competing factions. Why and when do some rebel groups split, while other groups remain cohesive? Unlike previous research on rebel fragmentation, we argue that the extent of centralization of the rebel groups command-and-control structure together with the group’s “age” influences the propensity of rebel group splits. The organizational features of rebel groups with high command-and-control centralization lead to internal blame-game politics when these groups age, which encourages the supreme leader to amass power and curtail the other leaders’ decision-making authority. This induces the alienated leaders to split the parent rebel organization to form a new rebel group. In contrast, the organizational structure of moderate and weakly centralized rebel groups promotes mutual interdependence among leaders as well as between these leaders and sub-commanders over time. This reduces the likelihood of splits of these groups. Results from our new rebel-group-year data provide robust statistical support for these predictions.Les scissions anarchiques des groupes rebelles affaiblissent leur capacité militaire et accroissent leur vulnérabilité aux opérations anti-rebelles. En dépit des risques de la perte d’unité et des avantages de rester soudés sur le champ de bataille, notre nouvel échantillon mondial de groupes rebelles (1980-2014) révèle que deux cinquièmes de ces groupes (mais pas le reste) se sont scindés en factions distinctes qui sont en concurrence. Pourquoi et à quel moment certains groupes rebelles se séparent-ils alors que d’autres restent soudés ? Contrairement aux recherche précédentes sur la fragmentation des rebelles, nous soutenons que la mesure dans laquelle la structure de commandement et de contrôle du groupe rebelle est centralisée ainsi que « l’anciennenté » du groupe influencent sa propension à se séparer. Les caractéristiques organisationnelles des groupes rebelles dont le commandement et le contrôle sont très centralisés conduisent à une politique interne de rejet des fautes lorsque ces groupes vieillissent, ce qui encourage le chef suprême à accroître son pouvoir et à réduire l’autorité décisionnelle des autres chefs. Cela incite les chefs ainsi mis de côté à se séparer de l’organisation rebelle dont ils sont issus pour former un nouveau groupe rebelle. À l’inverse, la structure organisationnelle des groupes rebelles peu ou moyennement centralisés favorise l’interdépendance entre les chefs ainsi qu’entre ces chefs et les sous-chefs au fil du temps. Cela réduit la probabilité de scission de ces groupes. Les résultats issus de nos nouvelles données annuelles sur les groupes rebelles par an étayent ces prévisions par de solides statistiques.Las escisiones fraccionadas de los grupos rebeldes debilitan la capacidad militar de estas organizaciones, lo que aumenta su vulnerabilidad a las operaciones contra los rebeldes. A pesar de los riesgos de desunión y de las ventajas en el campo de batalla de permanecer cohesionados, nuestra nueva muestra global de grupos rebeldes (1980-2014) revela que dos quintas partes de estos grupos (pero no los restantes) se han dividido en distintas facciones contrapuestas. ¿Por qué y cuándo algunos grupos rebeldes se separan, mientras que otros grupos permanecen unidos? A diferencia de investigaciones anteriores sobre la fragmentación de los rebeldes, argumentamos que el grado de centralización de la estructura de mando y control del grupo rebelde junto con la “edad” del grupo influye en la tendencia a las escisiones de grupos rebeldes. Las características organizativas de los grupos rebeldes con una alta centralización de mando y control conducen a una política interna de atribución de culpas cuando estos grupos envejecen, lo que motiva al líder supremo a acumular poder y restringir la autoridad de toma de decisiones de los otros líderes. Esto induce a los líderes alienados a dividir la organización matriz de rebeldes para formar un nuevo grupo rebelde. En contraste, la estructura organizacional de los grupos rebeldes moderados y débilmente centralizados promueve la interdependencia mutua entre los líderes, así como entre dichos líderes y subcomandantes a lo largo del tiempo. Esto reduce la probabilidad de escisiones de estos grupos. Los resultados de nuestros nuevos datos anuales sobre grupos rebeldes proporcionan un sólido respaldo estadístico para estas predicciones.

Suggested Citation

  • Minnie M. Joo & Bumba Mukherjee, 2021. "Rebel command and control, time, and rebel group splits," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(2), pages 318-345, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:47:y:2021:i:2:p:318-345
    DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2021.1848823
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