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When Militias capture the state: evidence from Lebanon, Iraq, and Sudan

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  • Federico Manfredi Firmian

Abstract

Studies on militias tend to focus on state policies, such as government collusion with militias during counterinsurgencies or post-conflict demobilization programs. This article examines militia strategies vis-à-vis the state, focusing on the case of militias engaged in ‘state capture’ – i.e. the covert and gradual penetration of state institutions aimed to shape public policy. The article provides an overview of key concepts and definitions, proposes a theoretical framework of state capture, and presents three fieldwork-based case studies: Hezbollah in Lebanon, Shia militias in Iraq, and the Rapid Support Forces in Sudan.

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  • Federico Manfredi Firmian, 2024. "When Militias capture the state: evidence from Lebanon, Iraq, and Sudan," Small Wars and Insurgencies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(1), pages 1-26, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:fswixx:v:35:y:2024:i:1:p:1-26
    DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2023.2271244
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