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Policy, economic federalism, and product market entry: the Indian experience

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Author Info
S. K. Bhaumik
S. Gangopadhyay
S. Krishnan

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Abstract

Productivity growth has long been associated with, among other things, contestability of markets which, in turn, is dependent on the ease with which potential competitors to the incumbent firms can enter the product market. There is a growing consensus that in emerging markets regulatory and institutional factors may have a greater influence on a firm's ability to enter a product market than strategic positions adopted by the incumbent firms. We examine this proposition in the context of India where the industrial policies of the 1980s and the 1990s are widely believed to be pro-incumbent and pro-competition, respectively, thereby providing the setting for a natural experiment with 1991 as the watershed year. In our analysis, we also take into consideration the possibility that the greater economic federalism associated with the reforms of the 1990s may have affected the distribution of industrial units across states after 1991. Our paper, which uses the experiences of the textiles and electrical machinery sectors during the two decades as the basis for the analysis, finds broad support for both these hypotheses. La croissance de la productivité a longtemps été associée, entre autres, avec la contestabilité des marchés, qui à son tour dépend de la facilité avec laquelle des concurrents potentiels pour les entreprises en place peuvent entrer sur le marché. Il existe un consensus croissant sur le fait que, sur les marchés émergents, les facteurs institutionnels et régulateurs peuvent avoir un meilleur impact sur la capacité des entreprises à pénétrer un marché que des stratégies adoptées à cet effet par les entreprises en place. Cette hypothèse est examinée dans le cas de l'Inde, où il est communément admis que les politiques industrielles des années 1980 avaient été favorables aux entreprises en place alors que celles des années 1990 se montrèrent plus ouvertes à la concurrence; cela fournit ainsi le cadre d'une expérience naturelle où 1991 est considéré comme l'année charnière. Notre analyse considère également que le fédéralisme économique plus important associé aux réformes des années 1990 pourrait avoir affecté la répartition géographique des activités industrielles entre les différents Etats. Notre article, en s'appuyant sur les cas des secteurs du textile et des équipements électriques au cours des deux décennies, fournit des arguments en faveur de ces deux hypothèses.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal The European Journal of Development Research.

Volume (Year): 20 (2008)
Issue (Month): 1 ()
Pages: 1-30
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Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:20:y:2008:i:1:p:1-30

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Related research
Keywords: entry institutions regulations India textiles electrical machinery reforms

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This page was last updated on 2008-8-12.


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