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Demand-driven Poverty Programmes and Elite Capture in Malawi: Between Prebendalism and Benevolence

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  • Arild Schou

Abstract

This paper challenges a widespread assumption in recent research on demand-driven development programmes according to which the main obstacle to successfully reaching the extreme poor lies in kleptocratic behaviour among elites. In the case of Malawi's social funds, it is found that programme funds were relatively equally distributed across regions and districts and that the elite capture at these levels was minimal. At sub-district levels, however, there were grave inequalities between traditional authority areas. This distributional pattern clearly bears witness to an active developmental role of traditional authorities in these areas - partly controlling for these areas' size, socio-economic status and closeness to the project headquarters. In the concluding part, I discuss the developmental role - in terms of benevolence and prebendalism - of traditional authorities at community level and point towards areas needing further research. Cet article met en question une hypothèse largement répandue dans les recherches récentes sur les programmes de développement axés sur la demande, selon laquelle le principal obstacle empêchant d'atteindre les très pauvres consisterait en des comportements 'cleptocrates' parmi les élites. Dans le cas des fonds sociaux du Malawi, il apparaît que les fonds des programmes ont été distribués de façon relativement équitable à travers les régions et les districts et qu'à ces niveaux l'accaparement par les élites a été minime. Au niveau des sous-districts, cependant, se sont produites de graves inégalités entre les zones d'autorité traditionnelles. Ce modèle distributif atteste clairement le rôle actif que jouent les autorités traditionnelles en termes de développement - en contrôlant en partie la taille de ces régions, leur statut socio-économique et leur proximité du siège du projet. Pour conclure, j'examine le rôle dans le développement - en termes de charité et de 'prébendalisme' - joué par les autorités traditionnelles au niveau de la communauté et montre les domaines nécessitant de plus amples recherches.

Suggested Citation

  • Arild Schou, 2007. "Demand-driven Poverty Programmes and Elite Capture in Malawi: Between Prebendalism and Benevolence," The European Journal of Development Research, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 19(4), pages 594-613.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:4:p:594-613
    DOI: 10.1080/09578810701667649
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