A Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) Framework Based on Scientometry for Understanding The Risk Factors in Sustainable Water Resources Management

The study of how water can be used sustainably through risk management has become increasingly complex due to the many different aspects involved. This study used a three-step approach to investigate the issue: trend analysis, bibliometric analysis, and the development of a conceptual TOE framework. The trend analysis identified water conservation and water crisis as the most frequently mentioned keywords, suggesting the need to address public concern for these issues. The bibliometric analysis found that 37% of the articles were published in the last three years, and environmental science and technology was the most common field of study. The TOE framework was used to link and group the keywords (risk factors) from the articles into three categories: technology, organization, and environment. This framework provides a way to understand the different factors that contribute to water scarcity and to develop strategies for addressing these risk factors. The three risk factors with the highest scores were statistical analysis (technology), climate change (environment), and uncertainty (environment). In the technology category, statistical analysis, sustainable development, and water quality were the most important risk factors. In the organization category, water management, governance, and water markets were the most important risk factors. In the environment category, climate change, uncertainty, and flood were the most important risk factors. This study is expected to provide valuable insights into the research trends that are important for achieving sustainability in water resource management, both in conventional and academic studies, over the past decade. Graphical Abstract