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Classification error in multiclass discrimination from Markov data

Author

Listed:
  • Sören Christensen

    (Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University)

  • Albrecht Irle

    (University of Kiel)

  • Lars Willert

    (University of Kiel)

Abstract

As a model for an on-line classification setting we consider a stochastic process $$(X_{-n},Y_{-n})_{n}$$ ( X - n , Y - n ) n , the present time-point being denoted by 0, with observables $$\ldots ,X_{-n},X_{-n+1}, \ldots , X_{-1}, X_0$$ … , X - n , X - n + 1 , … , X - 1 , X 0 from which the pattern $$Y_0$$ Y 0 is to be inferred. So in this classification setting, in addition to the present observation $$X_0$$ X 0 a number l of preceding observations may be used for classification, thus taking a possible dependence structure into account as it occurs e.g. in an ongoing classification of handwritten characters. We treat the question how the performance of classifiers is improved by using such additional information. For our analysis, a hidden Markov model is used. Letting $$R_l$$ R l denote the minimal risk of misclassification using l preceding observations we show that the difference $$\sup _k |R_l - R_{l+k}|$$ sup k | R l - R l + k | decreases exponentially fast as l increases. This suggests that a small l might already lead to a noticeable improvement. To follow this point we look at the use of past observations for kernel classification rules. Our practical findings in simulated hidden Markov models and in the classification of handwritten characters indicate that using $$l=1$$ l = 1 , i.e. just the last preceding observation in addition to $$X_0$$ X 0 , can lead to a substantial reduction of the risk of misclassification. So, in the presence of stochastic dependencies, we advocate to use $$ X_{-1},X_0$$ X - 1 , X 0 for finding the pattern $$Y_0$$ Y 0 instead of only $$X_0$$ X 0 as one would in the independent situation.

Suggested Citation

  • Sören Christensen & Albrecht Irle & Lars Willert, 2016. "Classification error in multiclass discrimination from Markov data," Statistical Inference for Stochastic Processes, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 321-336, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:sistpr:v:19:y:2016:i:3:d:10.1007_s11203-015-9129-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11203-015-9129-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Irle, A., 1997. "On Consistency in Nonparametric Estimation under Mixing Conditions," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 123-147, January.
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