Akira Kiminami () (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan) Lily Y. Kiminami () (Faculty of Intercultural Communication, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta-Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan)
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This article reconsiders the patterns of intra-Asia trade and the linkages with foreign direct investment (FDI) in this region. The following conclusions are drawn. Firstly, by 1985 intra-Asia trade exhibited both distinct patterns of inter-industry trade on the one hand, and intra-industry trade on the other. Secondly, the patterns of trade in this region have not changed since 1985 from vertical to horizontal, but from a "flying-geese" to an "acrobatic" type, due to the sharp increase in FDI within the region. Thirdly, since the early 1990s, FDI began to shift to China due to the wage differentials between China and other East Asian countries. This made the countries of East Asia compete with one another, rushing to obtain capital and financial resources from all over the world - ultimately contributing to recent financial and economic turbulence in the region. The article concludes with some brief policy recommendations on how to avoid a recurrence of the Asian crisis in the 21 century.
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Find related papers by JEL classification: F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Country and Industry Studies of Trade F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements N65 - Economic History - - Manufacturing and Construction - - - Asia including Middle East