Estimating Cumulative Health Care Costs of Childhood and Adolescence Autism Spectrum Disorder in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Incident Cohort Study

Background Few studies have estimated cumulative health care costs post-diagnosis for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objectives Using an incidence-based approach, the objective of this analysis was to estimate cumulative costs of ASD to the Ontario health care system of children and adolescents. Methods Using administrative health records from Ontario, Canada’s most populous province, a retrospective, population-based, incident cohort study of children and adolescents aged 0–19 years old diagnosed with ASD was undertaken to estimate cumulative health care costs of ASD to the health care system from 2010 to 2019. Cumulative health care costs in 2021 Canadian dollars (CAD) from diagnosis to death or end of observation period were estimated using a consistent estimator based on the inverse probability weighting technique. Cumulative health care costs (and respective 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were estimated for 1, 5 and 10 years post-diagnosis by sex, age group and health service. Results In 2010, there were 2867 diagnosed cases of ASD; in 2019, the number of incident cases had risen to 6072. The first year (i.e., 1-year) post-diagnosis cost of ASD was $4710.18 CAD (95% CI 4560.28–4860.08); just under a third of costs were for physician services. Total cumulative 5- and 10-year discounted costs were $16,025.95 CAD (15,371.64–16,680.26) and $32,635.76 CAD (28,906.94–36,364.58), respectively. Mean costs were higher for females and older age groups. Conclusions These results suggest that costs of ASD are high in the year of diagnosis and then increase at a steady rate thereafter. This information will help with future resource planning within the health care sector to ensure individuals with ASD are supported once their diagnosis is established.