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Direct medical costs attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study in Catalonia, Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Manel Mata-Cases

    (Institut Català de la Salut
    Primary Healthcare Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol)
    CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM))

  • Marc Casajuana

    (Primary Healthcare Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol)
    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)

  • Josep Franch-Nadal

    (Primary Healthcare Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol)
    CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)
    Institut Catala de la Salut)

  • Aina Casellas

    (Primary Healthcare Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol))

  • Conxa Castell

    (Generalitat de Catalunya)

  • Irene Vinagre

    (University of Barcelona)

  • Dídac Mauricio

    (Primary Healthcare Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol)
    CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)
    University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol)

  • Bonaventura Bolíbar

    (Primary Healthcare Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol)
    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)

Abstract

We estimated healthcare costs associated with patients with type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic subjects in a population-based primary care database through a retrospective analysis of economic impact during 2011, including 126,811 patients with type 2 diabetes in Catalonia, Spain. Total annual costs included primary care visits, hospitalizations, referrals, diagnostic tests, self-monitoring test strips, medication, and dialysis. For each patient, one control matched for age, gender and managing physician was randomly selected from a population database. The annual average cost per patient was €3110.1 and €1803.6 for diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, respectively (difference €1306.6; i.e., 72.4 % increased cost). The costs of hospitalizations were €1303.1 and €801.6 (62.0 % increase), and medication costs were €925.0 and €489.2 (89.1 % increase) in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, respectively. In type 2 diabetic patients, hospitalizations and medications had the greatest impact on the overall cost (41.9 and 29.7 %, respectively), generating approximately 70 % of the difference between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Patients with poor glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin >7 %; >53 mmol/mol) had average costs of €3296.5 versus €2848.5 for patients with good control. In the absence of macrovascular complications, average costs were €3008.1 for diabetic and €1612.4 for non-diabetic subjects, while its presence increased costs to €4814.6 and €3306.8, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated higher costs for type 2 diabetes patients compared with non-diabetic subjects are due mainly to hospitalizations and medications, and are higher among diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control and macrovascular complications.

Suggested Citation

  • Manel Mata-Cases & Marc Casajuana & Josep Franch-Nadal & Aina Casellas & Conxa Castell & Irene Vinagre & Dídac Mauricio & Bonaventura Bolíbar, 2016. "Direct medical costs attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study in Catalonia, Spain," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 17(8), pages 1001-1010, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eujhec:v:17:y:2016:i:8:d:10.1007_s10198-015-0742-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s10198-015-0742-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Miguel Ballesta & Florentino Carral & Gabriel Olveira & José Girón & Manuel Aguilar, 2006. "Economic cost associated with type II diabetes in Spanish patients," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 7(4), pages 270-275, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ugolini, Cristina & Lippi Bruni, Matteo & Leucci, Anna Caterina & Fiorentini, Gianluca & Berti, Elena & Nobilio, Lucia & Moro, Maria Luisa, 2019. "Disease management in diabetes care: When involving GPs improves patient compliance and health outcomes," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(10), pages 955-962.
    2. François-Olivier Baudot & Anne-Sophie Aguadé & Thomas Barnay & Christelle Gastaldi-Ménager & Anne Fagot-Campagna, 2019. "Impact of type 2 diabetes on health expenditure: estimation based on individual administrative data," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 20(5), pages 657-668, July.
    3. Joan Gil & Antoni Sicras-Mainar & Eugenio Zucchelli, 2018. "Uncontrolled diabetes and health care utilisation: panel data evidence from Spain," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 19(6), pages 785-795, July.
    4. Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi & Frederick Webb & David Simmons, 2020. "Diabetes Detection and Communication among Patients Admitted through the Emergency Department of a Public Hospital," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, February.
    5. Joan Gil & Paolo Li Donni & Eugenio Zucchelli, 2019. "Uncontrolled diabetes and health care utilisation: A bivariate latent Markov model approach," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(11), pages 1262-1276, November.
    6. Ruth Usó-Talamantes & Silvia González-de-Julián & Javier Díaz-Carnicero & Inmaculada Saurí-Ferrer & José Luis Trillo-Mata & Marc Carrasco-Pérez & Jorge Navarro-Pérez & José Luis Górriz & David Vivas-C, 2021. "Cost of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Real-World Data: An Observational Population-Based Study in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-14, September.
    7. Alireza Tavakolian & Alireza Rezaee & Farshid Hajati & Shahadat Uddin, 2023. "Hospital Readmission and Length-of-Stay Prediction Using an Optimized Hybrid Deep Model," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Type 2 diabetes; Costs; Primary care; Retrospective; Population database; Catalonia; Spain;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health
    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare

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