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COVID-19 lockdowns reduce the Black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the Asian atmosphere: source apportionment and health hazard evaluation

Author

Listed:
  • Balram Ambade

    (National Institute of Technology)

  • Tapan Kumar Sankar

    (National Institute of Technology)

  • Amit Kumar

    (National Institute of Technology)

  • Alok Sagar Gautam

    (Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University)

  • Sneha Gautam

    (Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences)

Abstract

The entire world is affected by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is spreading worldwide in a short time. India is one of the countries which is affected most, therefore, the Government of India has implemented several lockdowns in the entire country from April 25, 2020. We studied air pollutants (i.e., PM2.5, Black Carbon (BC), and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) level, and observed significantly sudden reduced. In India, most of the anthropogenic activities completely stopped. Therefore, we studied the levels of BC, PAHs and PM2.5 concentrations, their sources apportion, and health risk assessment during normal days, lockdown (from lockdown 1.0 to lockdown 4.0) and unlock down 1.0 situation at Sakchi, Jamshedpur city. It was observed that lockdowns and unlock down situations BC, PAHs and PM2.5 concentrations were significantly lower than regular days. We applied the advanced air mass back trajectory (AMBT) model to locate airborne particulate matter dispersal from different directions to strengthen the new result. The diagnostic ratio analyses of BC shows that wood burning contribution was too high during the lockdown situations. However, during normal days, the PAHs source profile was dedicated toward biomass, coal burning, and vehicle emission as primary sources of PAHs. During the lockdown period, emission from biomass and coal burning was a significant contributor to PAHs. The summaries of health risk assessment of BC quantified an equal number of passively smoked cigarettes (PSC) for an individual situation was studied. This study focuses on the overall climate impact of pandemic situations. Graphic abstract

Suggested Citation

  • Balram Ambade & Tapan Kumar Sankar & Amit Kumar & Alok Sagar Gautam & Sneha Gautam, 2021. "COVID-19 lockdowns reduce the Black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the Asian atmosphere: source apportionment and health hazard evaluation," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(8), pages 12252-12271, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:8:d:10.1007_s10668-020-01167-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01167-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad Mazharul Islam & Mohammad Muzahidul Islam & Haitham Khoj, 2022. "Coping Mechanisms and Quality of Life of Low-Income Households during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-24, December.
    2. Tayyaba Rani & Feng Wang & Fawad Rauf & Qurat ul Ain & Hamid Ali, 2023. "Linking personal remittance and fossil fuels energy consumption to environmental degradation: evidence from all SAARC countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(8), pages 8447-8468, August.
    3. Muddassar Sarfraz & Muhammad Mohsin & Sobia Naseem & Amit Kumar, 2021. "Modeling the relationship between carbon emissions and environmental sustainability during COVID-19: a new evidence from asymmetric ARDL cointegration approach," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 16208-16226, November.
    4. Mei-Hsin Chen & Yao-Chung Chen & Tien-Yin Chou & Fang-Shii Ning, 2023. "PM2.5 Concentration Prediction Model: A CNN–RF Ensemble Framework," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-13, February.
    5. Meisam Ranjbari & Zahra Shams Esfandabadi & Simone Domenico Scagnelli & Peer-Olaf Siebers & Francesco Quatraro, 2021. "Recovery agenda for sustainable development post COVID-19 at the country level: developing a fuzzy action priority surface," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 16646-16673, November.
    6. Sneha Gautam & Cyril Samuel & Alok Sagar Gautam & Sanjeev Kumar, 2021. "Strong link between coronavirus count and bad air: a case study of India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 16632-16645, November.

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