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Assessing the potential for rooftop rainwater harvesting and its physio and socioeconomic impacts, Rawal watershed, Islamabad, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Sohail Abbas

    (Climate Research Institute (CRI), Konkuk University)

  • Muhammad Junaid Mahmood

    (University of Punjab)

  • Muhammad Yaseen

Abstract

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the potential of rooftop rainwater harvesting (R-RWH) and its physio- and socioeconomic effects on the peoples in two catchments (Salghara and Malach) of the Rawal watershed, Pakistan. A questionnaire-based analysis was used not only to gather the required design parameters (roof area, household size, water usage) but also to investigate the physio- and socioeconomic effects. Results revealed that the highest rainfall change is found from January to March and June to September but the lowest was observed in November–December near the Salghara region. In the Malach region, the positive rainfall is measured in February and June but the negative is found in May, July, and August. The survey analysis showed that 77 m3 minimum roof area is required and suitable material to implement the R-RWH for a 6-family size. 121 m3 and 76 m3 annual average water yield is recorded for Salghara and Malach catchments, respectively. A storage tank capacity of 13 m3 and 32.5 m3 is observed for Salghara and Malach, respectively. This difference in capacity is found due to the length of the dry periods. The low-cost rainwater harvesting system is proposed between 600 and 400 USD per household. Furthermore, it was noticed that people do believe rooftop RWH can positively impact both their economic and health conditions, particularly for women as they spend most of their time struggling to fetch water. It is concluded that rooftop RWH has great potential as an alternative household water source in the Rawal watershed catchment regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Sohail Abbas & Muhammad Junaid Mahmood & Muhammad Yaseen, 2021. "Assessing the potential for rooftop rainwater harvesting and its physio and socioeconomic impacts, Rawal watershed, Islamabad, Pakistan," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(12), pages 17942-17963, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:12:d:10.1007_s10668-021-01422-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01422-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ajaz Ahmed & Usman Mustafa & Muhammad Nasir, 2011. "Impact of Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting Technology on Women Well-being in Hilly and Fragile Areas: Evidence from Pakistan," CEECC Working Paper 2011:01, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    2. M. Islam & F. Chou & M. Kabir, 2011. "Feasibility and acceptability study of rainwater use to the acute water shortage areas in Dhaka City, Bangladesh," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 56(1), pages 93-111, January.
    3. repec:pid:wpaper:2011:01 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Chidozie Nnaji & Nnennaya Mama, 2014. "Preliminary Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Potential in Nigeria: Focus on Flood Mitigation and Domestic Water Supply," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(7), pages 1907-1920, May.
    5. David Baguma & Willibald Loiskandl & Helmut Jung, 2010. "Water Management, Rainwater Harvesting and Predictive Variables in Rural Households," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(13), pages 3333-3348, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tariq Judeh & Isam Shahrour & Fadi Comair, 2022. "Smart Rainwater Harvesting for Sustainable Potable Water Supply in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-22, July.

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