Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Bütçe Açıklarının Nedenleri: Polonya ve Kırgızistan Örneği

Following the demolition of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, countries governed by central planned economy preferred market economy. This preference led to a transition process for economies of countries. The countries in this process are called “transition economies”. The countries in the transition process faced various macroeconomical problems due to such structural factors as social, political and economical disagreements. This study focuses on the problem of budget deficit and on its causes in transition economies. Among the East European countries, Poland and, among the Central Asia countries, Kyrgyzstan was chosen for the study as they represent transition economies. The criterion for this choice was that both countries play a leading role in their regions as they have carried out the necessary financial reforms. Among the most important causes of this problem in transitional economies are financial structural differences found in two different economical systems. Such factors as the lack of sources in transition economies, the lack of experiences in market economy, economical and financial structural problems, and as the increasing and leading role of the country in the new process cause various economical and financial problems, especially deficit in the budget.