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Disminución del riesgo electoral mediante un algoritmo híbrido

Author

Listed:
  • Rincón García, Eric Alfredo

    (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana)

  • Magno Rico, Luis Fernando

    (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana)

Abstract

El diseño de zonas electorales es un problema difícil de resolver que ha sido estudiado tanto por su complejidad computacional como por los riesgos asociados a su manipulación, que puede incidir de forma directa en el triunfo de un partido político, y tener consecuencias graves como la marginación de diferentes sectores sociales. Para promover procesos democráticos se han establecido diferentes criterios que deben satisfacerse como son el equilibrio poblacional, la conexidad y la compacidad geométrica. En este artículo se propone un algoritmo, basado en técnicas heurísticas, capaz de generar zonas electorales que cumplen con estos criterios. Esta propuesta fue aplicada en el Estado de México, y los resultados obtenidos muestran que el algoritmo favorece la creación de zonas de alta calidad. / Redistricting is a complex problem in which democracy of the electoral processes is promoted by some constraints such as population balance, contiguity and compactness. In this paper we solve the problem by means of a novel hybrid algorithm based in two heuristics techniques. This algorithm was applied in a real example in the Estado de Mexico. The results show that the new algorithm favors the creation of high quality districts.

Suggested Citation

  • Rincón García, Eric Alfredo & Magno Rico, Luis Fernando, 2013. "Disminución del riesgo electoral mediante un algoritmo híbrido," Estocástica: finanzas y riesgo, Departamento de Administración de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco, vol. 3(1), pages 7-22, enero-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:sfr:efruam:v:3:y:2013:i:1:p:7-22
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    Keywords

    Regionalización; Redistritación Electoral; Representación Ciudadana; Geografía Electoral; Elecciones; Gerrymandering; Multiple Criteria Districting Problems y Simulated Annealing.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
    • C44 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory
    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques

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