Attractiveness and territorial promotion in the MENA region in regards with FDI: Toward a new governance of public policies?

In the context of the modernisation and development of economies on the southern banks of the Mediterranean Basin, numerous international organisations provided advice in the selection of public policies. Being the “alpha and omega” of the success of economic transitions, increased trade and growth of foreign direct investment (FDI), openness and competition are often presented as the main tools for economic success . While the aim of growth is undeniable, and sometimes even achieved, current debates focus on the inclusivity of this growth. By inclusivity , economists mean the ability to offer the entire population the benefits of economic growth in a productive system that can achieve a decent standard of living. It also pertains to the inclusion of environmental and regional challenges (in particular by including all populations spread across regions that do not equally benefit from the fruits of growth). It is therefore an economic development model that not only maximises cost to profit ratio, but also caters to the expectations of the various stakeholders by giving them an active role, and not merely the passive role of redistribution a posteriori.